**8. Concluding remarks**

This text traces its origin in the lectures given to students, in the discussions held with PhD students and in some years spent in cardiovascular research, and more precisely, in hemato‐ poietic adult stem cells. All it has been then placed in an evolutionary perspective that has helped to give the text a teleological perspective; however, being the territory of the origins and evolution of life on earth almost without scientific evidences, the text leaves wide space for the imagination of the authors.

The text was then carefully reviewed to avoid repetitive forms that relate to citations; unfortu‐ nately, in some cases, this may have led to borderline syntactic forms, so we apologize to our readers. Finally, the images, with some exceptions, are an attempt to conceptualize the evolution and the adaptive processes and, therefore, do not have a data base to which to refer, however, we believe that they can illustrate complex phenomena not yet completely known.
