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**27** 

*Jeju National University* 

*Republic of Korea* 

**Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet – Micro Pattern** 

Kyung-Hyun Choi, Khalid Rahman, Nauman Malik Muhammad, Arshad Khan, Ki-Rin Kwon, Yang-Hoi Doh and Hyung-Chan Kim

**Fabrication for Printed Electronics Applications** 

In electronic industry the manufacturing of conductive patterning is necessary and ineluctable. Traditionally, lithography is widely used for fabrication of the conductive patterns. However, lithographic processes require the complicated equipments, are time consuming and the area throughput is limited. In order to reduce the material usage, process time and large area fabrication, different fabrication technique is required. Nonlithographic-direct fabrication method (Pique & Chrisey, 2001) such as inkjet (Gans et al., 2004) and roll-to-roll (Gamota et al., 2004) printing (also known as printed electronics) are predominant examples for reasonable resolution and high throughput as compared to lithography techniques. This direct fabrication technology can be further classified into two different technologies depending on the fabrication method as contact (gravure, offset or flexographic etc) and non-contact (inkjet) method. Non-contact inkjet printing method has moved beyond graphic printing as a versatile manufacturing method for functional and

Commercially available inkjet printer can be divided into two modes based on the ejection of the fluid: Continuous, where jet emerges from the nozzle which breaks in stream of droplets or Drop-on-Demand, the droplet ejects from the nozzle orifice as required (Lee, 2002). Inkjet printing offers the advantages of low cost, large area throughput and high speed processing. The most prominent examples of inkjet printing includes the direct patterning of, printed circuit board, conductive tracks for antenna of radio frequency identification tags (RFID) (Yang et al., 2007), Photovoltaic (Jung et al., 2010), thin film transistors (Arias et al., 2004), micro arrays of the DNA (Goldmann & Gonzalez, 2000), biosensors, etc. In case of continuous inkjet printing, the deflector directs the stream of droplets into a waste collector or onto substrate, for start and stop of the printing. This wastage of the ink issue has been addressed by the introduction drop-on-demand inkjet printing (thermal and piezoelectric). In drop-on-demand, thermal or vibration pulse are used to eject the liquid droplet from the nozzle to the substrate. However, the current printing technologies have constrained due to limitation of the ink viscosity, clogging of small size nozzles, generation of pattern smaller than the nozzle size and limitation of material to be deposited (Le, 1998). In order address these limitations, many researchers are focusing on electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing (continuous and drop-on-demand) (Park et al., 2007). Electrohydrodynamic jet printing uses electric field energy to eject the liquid from

**1. Introduction** 

structural materials.

