**3.4. E-beam lithography**

Electron Beam Lithography uses a tightly focussed beam of electrons scanned over the surface of a substrate. Typically, electron beam lithography with ultra high resolution (UHR) is used at the very beginning of a multiple technique and a multiple step process in a top down approach in order to transfer the nanostructure into the substrate or subsequently build up a device in a layer by layer fashion.
