**Meet the editor**

Dr. Nirmal Singh received his Bsc (Honors School), MSc (Honors School) and PhD from the Panjab University, Chandigarh. He was Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Professor and finally Emeritus Professor at Panjab University, Chandigarh. He was Chairman of the Physics Department from 2004-2007 and also Coordinator of the Medical Physics/Nuclear Medicine Msc

Course at the University (2006-09). He received an Emeritus Fellowship by the University Grant Commission, New Delhi and the Emeritus Scientist award by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India. His major fields of research are experimental nuclear physics and radiation physics and has supervised about two dozen PhD students. He has visited, delivered lectures and worked in many accelerator laboratories in India, USA and Europe. Dr. Singh has been reviewing research papers for many international journals of repute. He is a life member of the Indian Physics Association, Indian Association of Physics Teachers, Panjab Academy of Sciences And Radiation Society of India.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

**Part 1 Radioisotopes and** 

Chapter 2 **Research Reactor Fuel** 

**Some Physical Aspects 1** 

H. G. Riella and M. Durazzo

Chapter 3 **Application of Enriched Stable Isotopes in** 

Shinsuke Mori, Akira Kawasaki, Satoru Ishikawa and Tomohito Arao

Chapter 4 **Diffusion Experiment in Lithium Ionic** 

Chapter 5 **Determination of Chemical State and** 

Sevil Porikli and Yakup Kurucu

Chapter 7 **Determination of Actinides Using** 

B. de Celis Alonso

J.M. Lumbreras, J. Mundo and

Sun-Chan Jeong

İbrahim Han

**Conductors with the Radiotracer of <sup>8</sup>**

Chapter 6 **Angular Dependence of Fluorescence X-Rays and** 

**Digital Pulse Processing Analysis 125**  B. de Celis, V. del Canto, R. de la Fuente,

Raad Obid Hussain and Hayder Hamza Hussain

Chapter 1 **Natural Occurring Radionuclide Materials 3** 

**Fabrication to Produce Radioisotopes 21**  A. M. Saliba-Silva, E. F. Urano de Carvalho,

**Element Uptake and Translocation in Plant 55** 

**External Magnetic Field Effect on the Energy Shifts and X-Ray Intensity Ratios of Yttrium and Its Compounds 89** 

**Alignment of Vacancy State Induced by Radioisotopes 115** 

**Li 69** 
