**Author details**

Cintia Teles de Andrade1\*, Natalia Mayumi Inada1 , Dora Patricia Ramirez1,2, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato1 and Cristina Kurachi1

\*Address all correspondence to: cintya\_teles@yahoo.com.br

1 Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Physics of São Carlos – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil

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(USP), São Paulo, Brazil

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2 PPGBiotec, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Paulo, Brazil

1 Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Physics of São Carlos – University of São Paulo

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**Chapter 9**

**Skin Cancer Screening**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55243

Clifford Perlis

**1. Introduction**

populations.

Carolyn J. Heckman, Susan Darlow, Teja Munshi and

This chapter reviews 1) the incidence, mortality, and risk factors for skin cancer, 2) the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and frequency of skin cancer screening, 3) behavioral interventions to improve engagement in skin cancer screening, and 4) issues related to screening of special

**2. Melanoma and non-melanoma incidence, mortality and risk factors**

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the US, with almost three million individuals being diagnosed annually [1]. Both melanoma and non-melanoma (or keratinocyte) skin cancer (NMSC) incidence rates have been increasing in recent decades [2]-[4]. In 2012, melanoma is predicted to be the fifth most common cancer among US men and the sixth most common cancer among women [2]. Risk factors for melanoma and NMSC include male sex, age over 50 years, personal or family history of melanoma or NMSC, red hair, blue or green eyes, Fitzpatrick skin type I (very fair skin sensitive to ultraviolet radiation [UV]) with freckles, actinic keratosis on the head, familial atypical mole-melanoma syndrome, or numerous (i.e., > 100) moles [2], [5]-[15]. Additionally, many melanomas and NMSCs can be attributed to UV exposure such as via outdoor occupations, one blistering sunburn prior to age 18, multiple

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Heckman et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

sunburns at any age, or indoor tanning [15]-[21].

