**8. Conclusion**

awareness is encouraged by campaigns such as national "Don't Fry Day" that takes place on the Friday before Memorial Day in the U.S. and is supported by the National Council on Skin

**Figure 3.** Sun protection advice displayed on SunAWARE website using the acronym AWARE. http://www.suna‐

Product labeling is another means for providing specific information on how to protect the skin. Sunscreen labels are strictly regulated by the USFDA. In the most recent law passed on sunscreen labeling in 2011, known as the "final rule", the USFDA required a new indication statement, simpler labeling, and clearer instructions for the usage of water resistant sunscreen [1]. Instead of indicating protection against UVA and/or UVB, labels are required to state "broad spectrum" to simplify the choice for consumers. The effectiveness rating of the sunscreen must be listed next to the broad spectrum phrase in the same size and style font to encourage consumers to look for broad spectrum sunscreens with a high SPF rating. To teach consumers that broad spectrum sunscreens with SPF 15 and greater are more protective when combined with other sun protection measures than sunscreens with low SPF that are not broad spectrum, the following indication statement is required on all broad spectrum SPF 15 and

Cancer and SunWise program [5, 51].

226 Highlights in Skin Cancer

ware.org/be-sunaware/

greater sunscreens:

It is predicted that 40-50% of Americans will have non-melanoma skin cancer at least once before the age of 65 [25]. The lifetime accumulation of skin damage contributes to the devel‐ opment of skin cancer. Skin damage incurred by natural and artificial UVR affects cellular proteins, cell signaling, damages DNA, suppresses the ability of the immune system to detect cancer cells, causes tissue damage, and cell death. Fortunately, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers can be prevented by reducing exposure to UVR through a number of behavioral practices. These practices include avoiding excess UV exposure, applying adequate amounts of broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF of 15 or greater and remembering to reapply when necessary, wearing protective clothing including hats and sunglasses, seeking shade, avoiding cosmetic tanning, acquisition of vitamin D from dietary sources rather than intentional UV exposure, and routinely checking the body for suspicious growths on the skin. Dietary intake of phytochemicals and antioxidants has been shown to provide systemic protection from erythema and is a good addition to the recommended sun protection program. Many of these photoprotective compounds are currently included in sunscreen formulations for added protection. It is strongly encouraged that all individuals regardless of ethnicity or skin type follow these sun protection measures to reduce skin cancer risk. Public education through awareness programs is critical for correcting social perceptions and teaching sun protective behaviors.
