Contents

#### **Preface XI**


Chapter 9 **Treatment of ANCA-Negative Small Vessel Vasculitis 217** Christina G. Katsiari, Theodora Simopoulou and Lazaros I. Sakkas

Preface

on different aspects of vasculitis.

Vasculitis, an inflammation of blood vessels, can be idiopathic or secondary to other conditions. Infections may also mimic idiopathic vasculitis and the differential diagnosis is of paramount importance for the practicing physician. Vasculitides are not uncommon diseases. In fact, some vasculitides, such as giant cell arteritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and ANCA-associated vasculitis, are relatively common in everyday practice. Vasculitis may rapidly lead to organ failure, and put patient's life in danger. Therefore, physicians of different specialties must diagnose system‐

In recent years progress has been made in the pathophysiology and treatment of vasculitis. Understanding molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of vasculitis helps in the rational development of new treatments. Trials with biological agents have been published, and EU‐ LAR and ACR have issued guidelines for the treatment of various types of vasculitis. This book reflects new advances in pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of differ‐ ent types of vasculitis. The international panel of authors helps in achieving a balanced view

**Lazaros I. Sakkas, MD, DM, PhD**

School of Medicine, University of Thessaly,

School of Medicine, University of Thessaly,

Professor and Chairman,

**Christina Katsiari, MD, DM,**

Larissa, Greece

Larissa, Greece

Lecturer,

ic vasculitis early, because early treatment is crucial for the favorable outcome.

We hope that this book will be an enjoyable and useful reading.

#### Chapter 10 **Recent Advances in the Management of Refractory Vasculitis 239** Reem Hamdy A. Mohammed
