**Author details**

Reem Hamdy A. Mohammed

Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

#### **References**

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Demyelinating diseases demyelinating neuropathies, and flare of multiple sclerosis and other diseases of the central nervous system have been reported with tumor necrosis factor inhibition

Flare and progression of interstitial lung disease, allergic pneumonitis, new onset interstitial lung disease, culture-negative pneumonitis have been reported in cases treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, tocilizumab, rituximab and golimumab. Flare of chronic obstructive

Biologics encompass a broad range of therapeutics that include proteins and other products derived from living systems. First dose reactions or infusion reactions are generally thought to be mediated via the Fc region of the antibody activating cytokine release, and have been observed with several antibodies. Usually, these effects (flu-like symptoms, etc.) are transient with subsequent dosing. Although biologics can have nonpharmacologic toxicities, these are less common than with small molecule drugs. Fever, shivering, chest pain, blood pressure oscillation, dyspnea, pruritus and/or urticaria, injection site reactions have been reproted. [118]

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**9.7. Hematological complications: Neutropenias and thrombocytopenias**

the exception of anti-CD20 B cell targeted therapy.

Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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**9.5. Pulmonary complications**

264 Updates in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vasculitis

**9.6. Infusion reactions**

**Author details**

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Reem Hamdy A. Mohammed


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