Contents




Preface

UTIs. The book is divided in three parts.

pects of the vesico-ureteral junction.

lems in developing countries and the role of bacterial biofilms.

strategies are discussed in the third part of the book.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) continue to be under the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Diagnostic and treatment have substantial financial burden on society. In the USA, UTIs are responsible for more than 7 million physician visits annually and about 15% of all community-prescribed antibiotics in the USA are dispensed for UTIs. About 50% of women will experience at least one UTI episode during lifetime, about 1 million emergency department visits due to UTI in the USA alone, resulting in more than 100 000 hospital ad‐ missions annually, most often for pyelonephritis. Moreover, UTIs are also the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, accounting for approximately 40% of all such cases. The ma‐ jority of these cases are catheter-associated. Therefore, nosocomial UTIs comprise perhaps the largest institutional reservoir for nosocomial antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Beside the economic impact, UTIs affect also significantly the quality of life of the affected population. The aim of this book is to highlight problematic aspects and recent advances in the field of

The first part covers issues regarding catheter-associated UTIs including prevention, prob‐

In the second part deals with potential new diagnostic developments for pediatric related UTIs. This includes new concepts regarding dysfunctional voiding and new anatomical as‐

Genetic factors underlying susceptibility upper UTIs and potential immune-based treatment

**Thomas Nelius**

Lubbock, Texas

Department of Urology,

United States of America

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center,

Chapter 8 **Immune-Based Treatment Strategies for Patients with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections – Where Are We? 161** Thomas Nelius, Christopher Winter, Julia Willingham and Stephanie Filleur
