**Author details**

The things we can do to postpone CAUTI, if not avoid, in our setting would be to follow the strict indications for catheterization, to keep an indwelling catheter as short a period of time

One of the major characteristics of practicing, not only Urology but Medicine in general, in Sub-Saharan Africa (Zambia) is that, due to numerous limitation factors, both medical staff and patients are forced to make the maximum out of the available resources in order to provide

Health care professionals should be conscious of the fact that communication should be a two-

There is also the need for the health care professionals to educate the patients according to

The practical knowledge related to participants' awareness of their urinary catheter needs and practices such as features of supplies, intervals for changes, urinary catheter insertion empty‐

Patients living with chronic illnesses such as living with an indwelling urinary catheter are being taken care of in their homes by close relatives, whereby, they go to the hospitals only on appointments made by the doctor, for treatment and change of their catheter. Living with the indwelling urinary catheter is a condition that needs the patient to be taken care of by a skilled professional or trained personnel base in the community. Considering the lack of adequate means of communication in some parts of the country and considering the fact that not everybody can afford communicating by means of phoning, it becomes a problem to the patients in relation to the burden of illnesses and problems associated with urinary catheteri‐

Health care professionals should consider their meeting with patients as a process, whereby communication should be a two-way process and not one-way; and also a time when com‐

An education programme should be available at induction for new staff and on a regular basis

way process and that it should involve all the parties who are involved.

zation (expulsion of the urinary catheter, blockage, and leakage of urine etc.).

as possible and to pay attention to catheter care.

52 Recent Advances in the Field of Urinary Tract Infections

ing the urine bags, and changes associated with sex.

munication should be regarded as free from imposing.

**2. Education of healthcare workers**

for HCWs and should include the following:

**•** Indications for catheterisation.

**•** Obtaining a urine specimen.

**•** Maintenance of the catheter system.

**•** Signs and symptoms of infection.

**•** Insertion technique.

**•** Catheter removal

the best possible care.

their individual needs.

Mohamed Labib1\* and Nenad Spasojevic2

