**1. Introduction**

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262 Encephalitis

The field of infectious diseases is an exciting field with new agents emerging continuously. The emergence of new diseases is partly contributed by our growing population, expansion of residential areas into previously uninhabited areas and increase in global travel. Most of the emerging new infections are due to RNA viruses and nearly half have been described to cause encephalitis or significant neurological symptoms [1].

This review will focus on encephalitis caused by enteroviruses. Encephalitis is basically in‐ flammation of the brain. Several viruses can result in encephalitis and some viruses, such as Enterovirus 71 (EV71), have been documented to cause epidemics.
