**Author details**

Kieran D. O'Malley1 and Susan D. Rich2

1 Charlemont Clinic/ Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

2 , USA

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**Chapter 21**

**Autism Spectrum Disorders in People with**

**Overlap and Differentiating Characteristics**

Gitta De Vaan, Mathijs P.J. Vervloed, Harry Knoors and Ludo Verhoeven

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53714

**1. Introduction**

spectrum will be included.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

**Sensory and Intellectual Disabilities Symptom**

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are developmental disorders that people are burdened with for their whole life. They origin in childhood and are featured by restrictions in social and emotional development, communication, interests and motor skills [1]. People with au‐ tism are characterized by three major deficits as defined by the most recent version of diag‐ nostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). These deficits include qualitative impairments in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour [2]. Behaviours within these main components of ASD may differ per individual because they are expressed in unique ways for each individual. Variations can be found in the way, the intensity and the persever‐ ance with which the symptoms are expressed. Also the core characteristics may vary per in‐ dividual. Where skills, interests and intellectual levels differ between people, so do the characteristics of autism, only the main problem areas remain the same [3]. In the current chapter, not only autism as defined by DSM-IV-TR, but also all variations within the autistic

Several symptoms of ASD are not unique but also found in other groups of people with disabilities. Similar behaviours, overlapping symptoms, or even the exact same behaviou‐ ral characteristics can be found in people with hearing disabilities [4], visual impair‐ ments [5], intellectual disabilities [6] and combinations of these impairments, such as deafblindness [7]. All three of the main components of autism that the DSM-IV-TR de‐ scribes, are also found in non autistic people with sensory and intellectual disabilities.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 De Vaan et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
