**Author details**

Kai Wei\* and Ick-Soo Kim

\*Address all correspondence to: sudaweikai@hotmail.com

Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Faculty of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan

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**Chapter 5**

**Carbon Nanofiber Concrete for Damage Detection of**

Fiber research in concrete construction is an ongoing field and the use of carbon nanofibers (CNF) is examined. Fibers improve brittle materials such as concrete by enhancing tensile strength, ductility, toughness, and conductivity. Short-fiber composites are a class of strain sensor based on the concept of short electrically conducting fiber pull-out that accompanies slight and reversible crack opening. For a fiber composite to have strain sensing ability, the fibers must be more conducting than the matrix in which they are embedded, of diameter smaller than the crack length, and well dispersed. Their orientations can be random, and they do not have to touch one another. The electrical conductivity of the fibers enables the direct current (DC) electrical resistivity of the composites to change in response to strain change or

Despite the fact that nanotechnology is a relatively recent development in scientific research, the introduction of the concept is credited to Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman from his 1959 lecture, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" [1]. Feynman considered the possibility of direct manipulation of individual atoms as a powerful form of synthetic chemistry. Decades later, Feynman's concept morphed into the field of nanotechnology. According to the National Science Foundation and National Nanotechnology Initiative, the definition of nanotechnology

**•** The size range of the material structures under consideration should be approximately 100

© 2013 Mo and Roberts; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Infrastructure**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57096

temperature, allowing sensing.

includes three elements [2]:

nanometers;

**2. Nanotechnology in concrete**

**1. Introduction**

Y.L. Mo and Rachel Howser Roberts

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

