**5. Conclusions**

Ocular infections are one of the most frequent events in ophthalmology, and the treatment for these diseases must be fast, precise and effective, in order to get this goal is important to identify and characterized microorganisms involved. Clinical diagnosis of ocular infections can be confirmed by several techniques based on microbiological test of ocular samples. These techniques includes classic microbiological test, where is necessary isolate microor‐ ganisms to characterize them by biochemical analysis; molecular biology techniques, end‐ point PCR, real time PCR, microarrays and aptamers (e. SOMAmers) can obtain results in a short period time, as well as high sensitivity and specificity.

However, in the last years, mass spectrometry approach has dramatically changed the mi‐ crobiological field. Microbiological identification by mass spectrometry has great advantag‐ es: 1) Culture and isolation of the microorganism is not necessary, so that fastidious microorganisms can be identified, 2) High sensitivity and accuracy for the microorganism identification results in a reduction of sample amount, that is common in ocular samples, and 3) Resistance markers and resistance profile can be determined at the same time of iden‐ tification analysis.

In summary, the evolution of microbiological identification methods has improved treat‐ ments that impact in the prognosis of ocular infection, reducing complications and avoiding blindness cases, and as a consequence life quality of patients will be better.
