**Author details**

Chang-Qing Xia1,2, Yuantao Liu3 , Qingbo Guan4 and Michael J Clare-Salzler2

\*Address all correspondence to: cqx65@yahoo.com

1 Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

[9] Cataland SR, Wu HM: Immunotherapy for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Antibody-Based and Cellular Therapies of Type 1 Diabetes

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53495

577

[10] Pescovitz MD, Greenbaum CJ, Krause-Steinrauf H, Becker DJ, Gitelman SE, Goland R, Gottlieb PA, Marks JB, McGee PF, Moran AM et al: Rituximab, B-lymphocyte de‐ pletion, and preservation of beta-cell function. N Engl J Med 2009, 361(22):2143-2152.

[11] Cragg MS, Morgan SM, Chan HT, Morgan BP, Filatov AV, Johnson PW, French RR, Glennie MJ: Complement-mediated lysis by anti-CD20 mAb correlates with segrega‐

[12] Donin N, Jurianz K, Ziporen L, Schultz S, Kirschfink M, Fishelson Z: Complement re‐ sistance of human carcinoma cells depends on membrane regulatory proteins, pro‐

[13] Smith MR: Rituximab (monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody): mechanisms of action and

[14] Clynes RA, Towers TL, Presta LG, Ravetch JV: Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in

[15] Ravetch JV, Lanier LL: Immune inhibitory receptors. Science 2000, 290(5489):84-89.

[16] Byrd JC, Kitada S, Flinn IW, Aron JL, Pearson M, Lucas D, Reed JC: The mechanism of tumor cell clearance by rituximab in vivo in patients with B-cell chronic lympho‐ cytic leukemia: evidence of caspase activation and apoptosis induction. Blood 2002,

[17] Alas S, Ng CP, Bonavida B: Rituximab modifies the cisplatin-mitochondrial signaling pathway, resulting in apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clin

[18] Ray A, Basu S, Williams CB, Salzman NH, Dittel BN: A novel IL-10-independent reg‐ ulatory role for B cells in suppressing autoimmunity by maintenance of regulatory T

[19] Yu S, Ellis JS, Dunn R, Kehry MR, Braley-Mullen H: Transient depletion of B cells in young mice results in activation of regulatory T cells that inhibit development of au‐

[20] Hamel KM, Cao Y, Ashaye S, Wang Y, Dunn R, Kehry MR, Glant TT, Finnegan A: B cell depletion enhances T regulatory cell activity essential in the suppression of ar‐

[21] Hu CY, Rodriguez-Pinto D, Du W, Ahuja A, Henegariu O, Wong FS, Shlomchik MJ, Wen L: Treatment with CD20-specific antibody prevents and reverses autoimmune

[22] Greeley SA, Moore DJ, Noorchashm H, Noto LE, Rostami SY, Schlachterman A, Song HK, Koeberlein B, Barker CF, Naji A: Impaired activation of islet-reactive CD4 T cells

cells via GITR ligand. J Immunol 2012, 188(7):3188-3198.

diabetes in mice. J Clin Invest 2007, 117(12):3857-3867.

thritis. J Immunol 2011, 187(9):4900-4906.

toimmune disease in adults. Int Immunol 2012, 24(4):233-242.

tein kinases and sialic acid. Clin Exp Immunol 2003, 131(2):254-263.

vivo cytotoxicity against tumor targets. Nat Med 2000, 6(4):443-446.

Curr Opin Hematol 2005, 12(5):359-363.

tion into lipid rafts. Blood 2003, 101(3):1045-1052.

resistance. Oncogene 2003, 22(47):7359-7368.

99(3):1038-1043.

Cancer Res 2002, 8(3):836-845.

2 Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

3 Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

4 Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
