**Author details**

cept the superficial roots of PI7. Also, for whole roots, the occupation ratio was significantly increased by inoculation of *B. japonicum* USDA110, except for PI7 (Table 12). However, the ARA showed a tendency to decrease with high density inoculum (Table 13). These results were complemented by seed yields of Fukuyutaka being highest in SI5 and SI7 (Table 14).

A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research - Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen

NI 48.0 a 9.2 c SI5 50.0 a 16.3 b SI7 39.1ab 7.9 c PI7 48.0 a 28.4 a

PI9 33.3 b 10.1 c Mean followed by same and without letters within a column of each stage are not significantly different using LSD (*P*<0.10).

Pod number Seed number 100 seed Yield m-2 pod-1 g DW g DW m-2 NI 477.5 1.81 0.93 21.2 165.5 b 0.57 SI5 545.5 1.85 0.94 21.5 210.2 a 0.58 SI7 527.5 1.80 0.92 22.7 195.9 a 0.55 PI7 486.7 1.84 0.94 20.6 172.7 b 0.57

Table 14. Seed yield and yield components of each treatment Tratment Full seed ratio Yield index

PI9 577.8 1.79 0.93 21.8 208.8 a 0.56 Mean followed by same and without letters within a column of each stage are not significantly different using LSD (P<0.10).

Consequently, in SI5, SI7, and PI9 plots, occupation of serotype USDA110 was significantly high vs. other treatments. Since greater fixed nitrogen was distributed for these treatments

cells/seed was more effective at seed inoculation because there were no effect by increasing the inoculum above this density. And from the results of the PI9 plot, it was thought previ‐

Table 13. Acetylene reduction activity (ARA: µmole g-1 DW) at each growth stage

V6.4 R5.7

) significantly increased. It was thought that the density of 105

**Table 12.** Occupation ratio of serotype USDA110 in nodule of each growth stage.

**Table 13.** Acetylene reduction activity (ARA: μmole g-1 DW) at each growth stage.

**Table 14.** Seed yield and yield components of each treatment.

to pods and seeds, yield (g/m2

Relationships

108

Treatment Growth stage

Takeo Yamakawa1\* and Yuichi Saeki2

\*Address all correspondence to: yamakawa@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp

1 Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

2 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miya‐ zaki, Miyazaki, Japan

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A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research - Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen

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[13] Ishizuka J., Yokoyama A., Suemasu Y. Relationship between Serotypes of *Bradyrhi‐ zobium japonicum* and Their Compatibility with *Rj*-Cultivars for Nodulation. Soil Sci‐

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[15] Yamakawa T., Eriguchi M., Hussain AKMA., Ishizuka J. Soybean Preference for *Bra‐ dyrhizobium japonicum* for Nodulation. Nodulation by *Rj*2*Rj*3*Rj*4-Genotypes Isolated from the Progenies of Cross of Soybean Cvs. IAC-2 (*Rj*2*Rj*3) and Hill (*Rj*4). Soil Science

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[18] Owens LD., Wright DA. Production of the Soybean-Chlorosis Toxin by *Rhizobium ja‐*

[19] Gordon SA., Weber RP. The Colorimetric Estimation of IAA. Plant Physiology 1951:

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ence and Plant Nutrition 1991: 37(1) 23-30.

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A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research - Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen

[34] MacArthur RH. Patterns of Species Diversity. Biological Reviews 1965: 40(4) 510 –

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[36] Kobayashi S. Multivariate Analysis of Biological Communities. Tokyo; Soju Shobo;

[37] Whittaker RH. Evolution and Measurement of Species Diversity. Taxon 1972: 21(2/3)

[38] Shiro S., Yamamoto A., Umehara Y., Hayashi M., Yoshida N., Nishiwaki A., Yamaka‐ wa T., Saeki Y. Effect of *Rj* Genotype and Cultivation Temperature on the Communi‐ ty Structure of Soybean-Nodulating Bradyrhizobia. Applied Environmental

[39] Zhang F., Smith LD. Effect of Low Root Temperature on the Early Stages of Symbio‐ sis Establishment between Soybean (*Glycine max* (L.) Merr.) and *Bradyrhizobium japo‐*

[40] Zhang F., Smith LD. Genistein Accumulation in Soybean (*Glycine max* [L.] Merr.) Root Systems under Suboptimal Root Zone Temperatures. Journal of Experimental

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[42] Pan B., Smith LD. Genistein and Daidzein Concentrations and Contents in Seedling Roots of Three Soybean Cultivars Grown under Three Root Zone Temperatures.

[43] Yokoyama T. Effects of Temperature on Competition for Nodulation in Phylogeneti‐ cally Different *Bradyrhizobium* Strains. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nu‐

[44] Yokoyama T., Ando S., Murakami T., Imai H. Genetic Variability of the Common *nod* Gene in Soybean Bradyrhizobia Isolated in Thailand and Japan. Canadian Journal of

[45] Duzan HM., Zhou X., Souleimanov A., Smith LD. Perception of *Bradyrhizobium japo‐ nicum* Nod Factor by Soybean [*Glycine max* (L.) Merr.] Root Hairs under Abiotic

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