**Abbreviations and nomenclature**

CO= Carbon monoxide ASEAN = Association of South East Asian Nations EU= European Union FBC= Fluidized bed combustor MSW= Municipal solid waste RDF= Refuse Derived Fuel H2=Hydrogen CxHy= hydrocarbons CH4=methane O2= Oxygen ηCE= Carbon combustion efficiencies


as the coal fraction increased the higher char combustion and less volatiles combustion oc‐ curred. Moreover, the elutriated carbon loss increased as fluidising velocity increased result‐ ing in the lower carbon combustion efficiency. On the contrary, it was found that the bed temperature had no strong influence on carbon loss during the tests.As a conclusion, the combination factors of operating parameters attributed to the resulting effects of biomass co-

**a.** Modify the combustor to compare in-bed with overbed feeding of coal/biomass mix‐

**c.** Study the effect of bed temperature on combustion efficiency by having a cooling coil in

**d.** To investigate the release of NOx from coal/biomass mixtures. Although the nitrogen content of biomass is generally low the compounds have a lower molecular weight and

**e.** Investigate co-firing of a wide range of densified biomass fuels that are currently availa‐

combustion.

tures.

**5. Further research**

404 New Developments in Renewable Energy

are more volatile.

ble with coal.

CO= Carbon monoxide

EU= European Union

CxHy= hydrocarbons

H2=Hydrogen

CH4=methane O2= Oxygen

FBC= Fluidized bed combustor MSW= Municipal solid waste RDF= Refuse Derived Fuel

ηCE= Carbon combustion efficiencies

As for further research work, the followings are suggested:

**b.** Investigate the effect of air staging on combustion.

the bed instead of using air flowrate.

**Abbreviations and nomenclature**

ASEAN = Association of South East Asian Nations


Y = mass of dry flue gas per unit mass of C burnt in the fuel
