**5. Results**

The following findings were obtained from the analytical approach and the interviews:

#### **5.1. Biomass potential**

#### *5.1.1. Agricultural biomass*

Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy; it employs about 80% of the work force and ac‐ count for over 50% of gross domestic product (GDP) at factor cost and over 50% of foreign exchange earnings. It is also the major source of food supply and raw materials for industri‐ al sector. Furthermore, it provides the market for industrial sector. Agricultural sector devel‐ opment has been undertaken with the objective of increasing production of food and cash crops in order to improve food security generate and raise income levels to alleviate pover‐ ty. Major food crops cultivated in the country include maize, rice, sorghum, cassava, groundnuts, cowpeas, banana, soya beans and sweet potatoes. A part from food crops, com‐ mercial crops cultivated include: cotton, sisal, coffee, coconut pineapples, palm oil, cocoa, sugarcane about 80% of farms in the country are less than 2 % owned by small scale holders. All of these crops contribute to biomass potential in the country.

### *5.1.1.1. Cash crops*

**4.1. Analytical approach**

246 New Developments in Renewable Energy

entrepreneurs were discussed.

**4.2. Data collection and analysis**

**5. Results**

**5.1. Biomass potential**

*5.1.1. Agricultural biomass*

A comprehensive study and review of documents relevant to biomass resources, conversion and application in the country, and other African countries, Asia, Latino America, United Stated of America (USA), Europe, the Middle East and China were made. The aims of the study were to find available and valuable information on the subject. In addition, situation analysis and brain storming on application of biomass, conversion methods with biomass

Questionnaires were prepared and used in data collection. Interviews were held with lead‐ ers at the Regional, City, municipal, wards and subward levels on biomass conversion to modern energy instead of using raw biomass. Interviewees at this level were held with, Mayors, Municipal Directors, and City and Municipal Solid Waste Management experts from all the city councils. Others included relevant Ministries of Health, Lands and Human Settlements Development and Industries. The interviews were undertaken during day times in weekdays and weekends. Interviews were conducted in a tranquil and friendly atmos‐

phere. The information disclosed by the interviewees was treated as confidential.

The following findings were obtained from the analytical approach and the interviews:

Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy; it employs about 80% of the work force and ac‐ count for over 50% of gross domestic product (GDP) at factor cost and over 50% of foreign exchange earnings. It is also the major source of food supply and raw materials for industri‐ al sector. Furthermore, it provides the market for industrial sector. Agricultural sector devel‐ opment has been undertaken with the objective of increasing production of food and cash crops in order to improve food security generate and raise income levels to alleviate pover‐ ty. Major food crops cultivated in the country include maize, rice, sorghum, cassava, groundnuts, cowpeas, banana, soya beans and sweet potatoes. A part from food crops, com‐ mercial crops cultivated include: cotton, sisal, coffee, coconut pineapples, palm oil, cocoa, sugarcane about 80% of farms in the country are less than 2 % owned by small scale holders.

All of these crops contribute to biomass potential in the country.

Production of main cash crops has been fluctuating depending on whether conditions, avail‐ ability and usage of agricultural inputs and fluctuation in the World Market. Table 1 gives the trend of cash crops produced in the past 4 years.


**Table 1.** Production of Cash crops in kg (*Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (URT))*

#### *5.1.1.2.Food Crops*

Production of main food crops has been fluctuating depending on whether conditions, avail‐ ability and usage of agricultural inputs and fluctuation in the World Market. Table 2 gives the trend of food crops produced in the past 4 years.


**Table 2.** Production of food crops in kg (*Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (URT))*
