**Appendix**


*OLS OLS FE FE RE RE CSE (XI) RSE (XIII) CSE (XV) RSE (XVII) CSE (XIX) RSE (XXI)*

test with the null hypothesis of*H*<sup>0</sup> =β<sup>1</sup> =β<sup>2</sup> =β<sup>3</sup> =β<sup>4</sup> =0, with

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52159

77

*Joint Significance test* 0.34 0.76 1.36 10.63\*\*\* 1.34 3.02 *Linear restriction test* 0.66 0.85 2.08\*\* 3.78\*\*\* 0.66 0.85

β1, β2, β3, β4 representing the coefficient of FINPOLc,t, EDUPOLc,t, COOPPOLc,t and CUTPOLc,t, respectively. LRT - Linear Restriction Test has the null hypothesis of*H*<sup>0</sup> =β<sup>1</sup> + β<sup>2</sup> + β<sup>3</sup> + β<sup>4</sup> =0. \*\*\*, \*\*, denote significance at 1 and 5% significance

On the Public Policies Supporting Renewables and Wind Power Overcapacity: Insights into the European Way Forward

We gratefully acknowledge the generous financial support of the NECE – Research Unit in Business Science and Economics, sponsored by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and

1 NECE and University of Beira Interior, Management and Economics Department, Covilhã,

2 University of Beira Interior, Management and Economics Department, Estrada do Sineiro,

[1] Acker, T. L., Williams, S. K., & Duque, E. P. N. (2007). Wind resource assessment in the state of Arizona: Inventory, capacity factor, and cost. *Renewable Energy*,

[2] Albadi, M. H., & El -Saadany, E. F. (2010). Overview of wind power intermittency

[3] Archer, C. L., & Jacobson, M. Z. (2007). Supplying Baseload and Reducing Transmis‐ sion Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms. *Journal of Applied Meteorology and*

impacts on power systems. *Electric Power Systems Research*, 627-632.

and Rui Flora2

, José Alberto Fuinhas1

Notes: JST - Joint Significance Test. JST is a Wald χ <sup>2</sup>

**Table A.2.** Exclusion tests on FINPOLc,t, EDUPOLc,t, COOPPOLc,t and CUTPOLc,t

levels respectively.

Technology.

Portugal

**Author details**

Covilhã, Portugal

**References**

1454-1466.

*Climatology*, 1701-1717.

António Cardoso Marques1

**Acknowledgment**

Notes: OLS - Ordinary Least Squares. RE – Random Effects. FE – Fixed Effects. CSE – Conventional standard errors. RSE – Ro‐ bust standard errors. The F-test has normal distribution N(0,1) and tests the null hypothesis of non-significance of all esti‐ mated parameters. The Wald test has χ <sup>2</sup> distribution and tests the null hypothesis of non-significance of all coefficients of independent variables. Standard errors are reported in brackets. All estimates were controlled to include time effects, but they are not reported for reasons of simplicity. \*\*\*, \*\*, denote significance at 1 and 5% significance levels respectively

**Table A.1** Estimation results with disaggregated variables – Dependent variable *WOCAPc,t*

On the Public Policies Supporting Renewables and Wind Power Overcapacity: Insights into the European Way Forward http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52159 77


Notes: JST - Joint Significance Test. JST is a Wald χ <sup>2</sup> test with the null hypothesis of*H*<sup>0</sup> =β<sup>1</sup> =β<sup>2</sup> =β<sup>3</sup> =β<sup>4</sup> =0, with β1, β2, β3, β4 representing the coefficient of FINPOLc,t, EDUPOLc,t, COOPPOLc,t and CUTPOLc,t, respectively. LRT - Linear Restriction Test has the null hypothesis of*H*<sup>0</sup> =β<sup>1</sup> + β<sup>2</sup> + β<sup>3</sup> + β<sup>4</sup> =0. \*\*\*, \*\*, denote significance at 1 and 5% significance levels respectively.

**Table A.2.** Exclusion tests on FINPOLc,t, EDUPOLc,t, COOPPOLc,t and CUTPOLc,t
