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236 New Developments in Renewable Energy

**Chapter 11**

E and 400

E and parallels

**Biomass Conversion to Energy in Tanzania: A Critique**

The United Republic of Tanzania (URT) is the largest country in East Africa in terms of size and population. It is made up by Tanzania Mainland and the island of Zanzibar. It is bor‐ dered by the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi in the west; Zambia, Ma‐ lawi and Mozambique in the Southern part, Uganda and Kenya in the Northern side and the

It has an area of 945,000 Square Kilometres.While about 62,000 square Kilometres of the land is covered by water, including three fresh trans-boundary lakes of Victoria, Tanganyika and Nyasa. Woodlands accounts for 33,500 square Kilometres [1] and arable land suitable for ag‐ riculture is concentrated in central part and Southern Highlands of the country, covering

According to URT, Economic survey report 2009 [2], the Tanzanian population was estimat‐ ed to be 41,915,799 of which 21,311,150, that is about 50.8 percent, were female, while 20,604,730 about 49.2 percent were male. Tanzania mainland had an estimated population of 40,683,294, while Zanzibar had an estimated population of 1,232,505. The population distri‐ bution indicated that 31,143,439 of people, about 74.3 percent live in rural areas, while 10, 772, 360 people about 25.7 percent live in urban areas. These estimates are based on the pop‐ ulation growth rate of 2.9 percent per annum established out of the Population and Housing

Hydropower, Coal and Petroleum are Tanzania's main source of commercial energy. How‐ ever, solid biomass energy such as agro residue, forestry residue and wood fuels are used throughout the country and they account for 88 percent of total energy consumption in rural and semi-urban areas [4] while modern commercial energy contribute about 2 percent. Of

> © 2013 Kusekwa; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

© 2013 Kusekwa; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Indian Ocean on the East. The country lies between meridians 300

Mashauri Adam Kusekwa

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/ 52956

**1. Introduction**

10

S and 120

S.

about 44 million hectares.

Census of the years 2002. [3]

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
