**13. References**

144 Industrial Design – New Frontiers

solutions then there is no space for the other design solutions. Focusing on one main design

Decision making is an embodiment design activity that may be pushed forward during the embodiment design process, but if the decision is taken on the right moment in the process then the result gives a new starting point to gather information for next goal in the design process. The design decisions have to be made on who, why, what, where, how and when for product and part design. The questions are very helpful to support the decision making for that specific area. It provides a new perspective to embodiment design; it is a tool that has to be experienced by using the design decision matrix during a

A product has a structure which is depending on the number of parts, components or sub-assemblies and units. The levels take care of items for that specific level. However design research on embodiment design, product management, design time, layout and feasibility are efforts that help to indicate the new perspectives for embodiment design and product design. These aspects are mostly in the area of organization and technology, where the creating process (Prabir Sakar, 2007) is supported with creativity as main

Design is the most difficult phenomenon because it means everything, but time and products are concepts that give content to product design. The content may be innovatively, quality for money, beauty, sustainability, etc. The context of the product design problem has the power in itself to make a transition from ideas to a product design

The designers should have a certain aim of life for their eyes; creating products that make the life comfortable. The designers have a need that is depending on their education and capability. It may be on different designer need levels according to Maslow. Education can only support the need of the designer in his development, the industrial designer he wants to be. The support contains design training, communication and design knowledge. All the called aspects should be optimized for the junior designer. Experience in design does grow with experiences so they may grow out to a senior designer. In daily life the designer generate new knowledge, design ideas, product designs, part designs, etc., all valuable information If this is collected in a structured engineering database then it is shareable with all designer world wide. The base for such database is mentioned as engineering database with an ordering that can inspire the designer by means of the designs examples on

All the generated design information also the abounded information after a decision can be useful for sharing it. So the valuable information of alternatives principles, ideas, concepts

Embodiment Design is a part of the design process with a new perspective that is expressed in the new definition: "Embodiment Design is designing with materials, manufacturing and geometry to fulfill a new function or updating of the function", but the emotional aspects of the product should be met the requirements about: use, interaction, ergonomics, etc. Embodiment Design is giving matter to ideas, so a body is created in headlines, which get

and product designs have to be judged before putting them into in the database.

aspect helps to solve the design problem in an efficient way.

number of design tasks.

by an industrial designer.

conceptual and detailed level.

**12. Conclusions** 

driver.


**8** 

*The Netherlands* 

**Designing Disruptive Innovative Systems,** 

There are well over hundred design processes described in literature, so why invent a new one? Over the last decade we have observed a need in our department for a process that emphasises different values than most current processes highlight. To start, we have seen a desire for a process that supports design-driven innovation, that is, we step away from incremental innovation in favour of disruptive innovation, in which disruptive refers to the absence of a well-established frame of reference for users or the market. Not only the product as such is new, but it also enables the creation of radical new meaning for the user, the market and society. We have seen a desire for design processes that can deal with this openness and complexity, in order to design open and intelligent systems that evolve during use, and which have a high level of complexity due to their adaptive, context-dependent and highly dynamic character. Next to this, the role of the designer is changing. More and more we see open platforms and design projects in which a variety of people and experts create products. We believe this has implications for the design processes used. Finally, we have seen the desire for a design process that fits self-directed learning instead of teacher-directed learning, which corresponds with educational

Based on these observations on the changing face of design we present the Reflective Transformative Design process (RTD process). It is a design process, particularly aimed to support the design of disruptive innovative and/or intelligent systems, products and services, that emphasises values like openness, context- and person dependency, envisioning a new society, intuition, craftsmanship and development through reflection. In this chapter, firstly, we elaborate on the changing field of the Industrial Design and the implications this has for design processes. Subsequently, we explain the rationale behind influential paradigms of design methodology and a variety of design processes, and show why they do not match the abovementioned changes and needs. Thereupon we introduce the Reflective Transformative Design process (RTD process) in detail. We explain how it works and elaborate on the rationale behind the model. We present the design processes of two projects, Other Brother and Ennea, to elucidate and discuss the possibilities of the RTD process to design disruptive innovative systems. We conclude the chapter by demarcating the position of the RTD process in comparison to existing processes and by explaining our

**1. Introduction** 

theories like social constructivist learning.

plans for further development of the RTD process.

**Products and Services: RTD Process** 

*Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology* 

Caroline Hummels and Joep Frens

