Chapter 8 **Advances and Applications of Tracer Measurements of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Fish 247**

Ivan Viegas, Rui de Albuquerque Carvalho, Miguel Ângelo Pardal and John Griffith Jones

#### Chapter 9 **Ontogenetic Dietary Shifts in a Predatory Freshwater Fish Species: The Brown Trout as an Example of a Dynamic Fish Species 271**

Javier Sánchez-Hernández, María J. Servia, Rufino Vieira-Lanero and Fernando Cobo

Preface

immune response.

some aspects of the toxicology silver catfish.

Fish is an important component of aquaculture with up to 80% of animal protein contribution especially in developing countries. Therefore, aquaculture is a bright spot with great potential in many countries worldwide. This potential raises the issue of achieving a sustainable and environmentally friendly aquaculture. Many areas need to be explored and developed. Updated information about some of the main issues that currently affects aquaculture was presented in this book for the scientific researchers in the field of aquaculture and fish biology. The book is sub-divided into nine distinct chapters. The

The understanding of the mechanisms that control inflammation in teleosts may allow for the development of strategies to prevent infectious diseases. Therefore, the main concepts of innate immune mechanism are reviewed in Chapter 1 by Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa, Kevin Maisey, Felipe Reyes-López, Daniela Toro-Ascuy, Ana M. Sandino, Mónica Imarai and Chapter 2 by Leon Grayfer and Miodrag Belosevic. Their reviews focus on the recent advancements in the understanding of the biology of hallmark fish pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the following Chapter 3 by Barbara A. Katzenback, Fumihiko Katakura and Miodrag Belosevic, the author are provided an overview of the current knowledge of the fish model systems on the sentinel cells (macrophages and neutrophils) of the innate

Jacinto E. S. Díaz, Eugenia L. in Chapter 4 discuss a short framework of effects of xenobiotics on the responses of freshwater fish across molecular to population level when have been exposed to environmental stressors. Their review considers the use of fish as sentinel organisms to assess the anthropogenic impacts over the freshwater ecosystems. Climate changes and dams are likely to represent the most important threats to freshwater fish around the world. The effects of climate change and dams on the ecosystem are reviewed by Carlos E. C. Freitas, Alexandre A. F. Rivas, Caroline P. Campos, Igor Sant'Ana, James R. Kahn, Maria A. A. Correa and Michel Catarino in Chapter 5. The silver catfish (jundiá) have been used for bioindicator of environmental contamination for many researches and can be used to aquatic biological systems. In Chapter 6 by Cláudia T. Pimpão, Ênio Moura, Ana C. Fredianelli, Luciana G. Galeb, Rita M. V. M. Rocha, Francisco P. Montanha aimed to review

Christine Genge, Leif Hove-Madsen and Glen F. Tibbits in Chapter 7 reviewed the roles of the atrium and ventricle in achieving variability with myocardial contractility among the telesot species. In chapter 8 Ivan Viega, Rui A. Carvalho, Miguel Â. Pardal, John G. Jones focus on the metabolism of carbohydrates by fish in aquaculture. In Chapter 9, Javier Sánchez-Hernández, María J. Servia, Rufino Vieira-Lanero, Fernando Cobo discuss the

importance of each of these contributions was briefly summarized here.
