**Author details**

Zdenka Persin, Tina Maver and Karin Stana Kleinschek\* *Laboratory for Characterisation and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia* 

Zdenka Persin, Alenka Vesel, Tina Maver, Uros Maver and Karin Stana Kleinschek *Centre of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies, Ljubljana, Slovenia* 

Alenka Vesel *Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia* 

Miran Mozetic *Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia* 

\* Corresponding Author

## **Acknowledgement**

This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Slovenia [Grant number 3211-10-000057].

## **4. References**

188 Cellulose – Medical, Pharmaceutical and Electronic Applications

Oxygen plasma treatment is a suitable method to improve the quality of cellulose materials. The drastically improvement in sorption capacity far outweigh the minor changes in mechanical properties; while no changes in morphology was observed. Ageing of plasma activation effect was insignificant present within a few days concerning hydrophilicity and tensile properties. Since oxygen plasma contains a variety of different reactive particles, the proper choice of plasma parameters is the key issue. Plasma containing rather large concentration of charged particles is better to be avoided since it usually leads to excessive thermal effects and thus degradation of the material. The available energy dissipated on the cellulose surface at the interaction between charged particles and solid material is simply too large to assure for modification of cellulose material at low temperature. Instead of moderately ionised plasma it is better to use extremely weekly ionised plasma with a large density of neutral reactive particles. The best species in term of reasonable chemical reactivity and low thermal load are neutral oxygen atoms in the ground state. Plasma rich with these particles, but poor in charged particles, is created using an electrodeless high frequency discharge. The absence of electrodes in such discharges is favourable since it prevents substantial drain of neutral oxygen atoms by heterogeneous surface recombination. Best materials for construction of a suitable plasma reactor are different glasses and some ceramics. The plasma facing components should be smooth and should not allow for chemisorption of neutral oxygen atoms. If this requirements are fulfilled the dissociation fraction of oxygen molecules in gaseous plasma at pressures up to several mbar, exceeds the ionisation fraction for at least five orders of magnitudes. Such plasma is therefore safe to use since it does not lead to excessive exothermic reactions and thus thermal degradation of treated materials. Based on that, plasma treatment is advantage surface activation procedure in order to obtain super-hydrophilic matric, used as a potential

**3. Conclusion** 

layer in wound dressings.

*University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia* 

*Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia* 

Zdenka Persin, Tina Maver and Karin Stana Kleinschek\*

*Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia* 

*Laboratory for Characterisation and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,* 

Zdenka Persin, Alenka Vesel, Tina Maver, Uros Maver and Karin Stana Kleinschek

*Centre of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies, Ljubljana, Slovenia* 

**Author details** 

Alenka Vesel

Miran Mozetic

Corresponding Author

 \*

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**Chapter 10** 

© 2013 Wang and Yu, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Wang and Yu, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Bioactive Bead Type Cellulosic Adsorbent for** 

Cellulose, a natural polymer, has been widely used in blood purification due to its good biocompatibility, and excellent processing which can be easily formulated into beads, membranes and hollow fibers. Sorbent-perfusion is a novel approach of blood purification which can specifically remove endogenous and exogenous pathogenic toxins from the blood of patients [1]. The technique involves passing whole blood or plasma of the patient through a cartridge filled with an adsorbent which can easily adsorb the toxin molecules, see **Figure 1 a,b**. According to selectivity, generally adsorbents can be classified as broad spectrum, affinity adsorbents and immuno-adsorbents, of which the latter has the highest selectivity [2-5]. Materials, most commonly used are activated charcoal [6], porous resins and fibers. The pathogenic substances in the blood of patients are adsorbed by the adsorbent via hydrophilic (electro-static forces) or hydrophobic interactions. Macroporous resins usually show high adsorption capacities especially for the removal of high molecular weight or

**Blood Purification** 

Shenqi Wang and Yaoting Yu

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56223

"middle molecules" toxins [7-9].

**Figure 1.** Schematic diagram of sorbent-perfusion

**1. Introduction** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

