**1. Introduction**

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In recent times historical environment situations became inevitable also for modern environmental analytic. They alone allow to evaluate an anthropogenic impact into the environment compartments. All prognoses to future in environmental sciences at least base on interpolations deduced from historical situations in combination of present situations. Mostly glaciology [1], [2] is a source of information about historical environment. Unfavourable for such a proceeding is the fact, that glacier mostly are situated at inhabited places [3]. So they reveal only global or supra-regional data. Data from cultural centre's nowadays only are taken by imission measurements, e.g. bones [4], monitoring the exposure of an individual to its environment.

We approach the task to receive information about the historical environment situation in settlement areas by examining historical well dated and localisable artefacts of the *homo faber*.

To make a product acceptable to such a strategy, it must fulfil some requirements, listed in the following:


In the work introduced here, historical paper like antiquarian books are used as such a source of environment historical data specially for the environmental compartment of air and water. Antiquarian books mostly are fulfilling all listed requirements.

The selected objects of study further must have a complete block with original binding/cover. They must be produced before 1840 ("handmade paper").

Antiquarian Books as Source of Environment Historical Data 281

**2.1. Volatile pollutants in paper and decay of paper** 

indoor environment and historical sources of contaminants.

serve as a passive sampler for air pollutants.

contaminants / pollution must be considered.

for the passage of harmful gases.

with the air surrounding the page.

atmosphere was given.

[5].

material.

The degradation of paper and books in the last decade strongly has been brought into interest in science and the public. The importance of environmental factors during storage in the libraries was highlighted and partially documented with current environmental analytical data. Historical storage conditions were discussed as important factors, however, both were only discussed in models – but no proof of the intrance of historical pollutants by

As part of the work described herein was set precisely at this point. An attempt was made to record the historical input of airborne pollutants specifically in bound antiquarian books

In the focus of this study there are no exemplary studies on the adsorbability of harmful substances and at least their degradation mechanisms in the paper [7], [8]. Rather, as part of a comprehensive project, which is still running, the pollutants really trapped by the historical paper of the books were determined. Later the pollutants experimentally found to be present in library environment (via indoor measurements) in combination with kinetics of the uptake of pollutants in the book, should allow to estimate the situation of historical

The starting point for this study was the hypothesis that the paper of antiquarian books can

Components such as the cellulose of the paper play a role as a trap for a great variety of contaminants. This property of the cellulose is often used in the environmental analysis of gas samples for sample enrichment of various polar and medium polar contaminants such as Atmospheres [9], [10], [11]. This process will take place also in paper writing

This passive sampler system should contain information about the pollution that a book was exposed to, although of course not only the current pollutant inputs, but also historical

Historical damage, e.g. of gas gangrene of leather materials due to the gas lighting of

It is assumed that the significantly not air-permeable cover of books has a shielding effect

So as a criterion for detecting a contaminant sampled via this mechanism is a concentration difference between the centre of an individual page and its edges, which are more in contact

One part of the overall project is to try to find a way that allows a correlation between pollutants in the paper, the damage to the paper and for modern inputs of pollutants in the

concentration of atmospheric trace components of the current storage locations.

19.century have to be taken into account during these investigations.

The paper of historical books can be allocated by their watermark, which is characteristic for the paper mill. It can be dated by the printing date of the book – lean production was necessary, because the amount of paper for one book project was so big, that long time storing was nearly impossible

The absence of water spots and/or conservatorial treatment makes sure that there is no unwanted contamination of the book (Figure 1).

The work is divided into two parts, one dealing with airborne contaminants [5], one with water-borne contaminants [6]. In both cases antiquarian books are used as source for environmental historical data.
