**7. References**


[7] Kolpak FJ & Blackwell, J (1976). Determination of the structure of cellulose II. *Macromolecules* 9, 273-278.

44 Cellulose – Medical, Pharmaceutical and Electronic Applications

lubricant sensitivity as those of MCCI.

absorption into the core of the particles.

multilayer.

John Rojas

**Author details** 

*Medellín, Colombia* 

**7. References** 

8: 563-564.

**Acknowledgement** 

research (CODI) of the University of Antioquia.

Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Holland. 376 p.

I and II. *Glycocon J.* 14: 677-690.

compactable as MCCI and possessed a comparable acetaminophen loading capacity and

Particle morphology and particle size were not affected, but compact tensile strength was highly affected by the polymorphic transformation. Most of the resulting particle and tableting properties depended on the polymorphic form of MCC. For this reason, it is important to select the right crystalline form of MCC before formulating a drug in a solid dosage form since it could affect the overall particle and tableting properties of the mixture. Cellulosic excipients are hydrophilic materials and the polymorphic transformation caused differences in the hydrophilic properties of cellulose. Most of the water sorption isotherms exhibited a type II sigmoid shape and MCCII presented the largest water uptake by

Cellulosic materials showed a hysteresis loops which were caused by capillary shrinking during the desorption step. The YN model assume sorption and desorption as a dynamic process, in which the primary sorption sites are filled up throughout the whole water activity range and do not require the formation of a complete monolayer to form a

*Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Antioquia;* 

The author truly appreciates the sponsorship of the committee for the development of

[1] Klemm D, Philipp B, Heinze T, Heinze U (1998a). Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry:

[2] Klemm D, Philipp T, Heinze U, Wagenknecht W, editors (1998b). Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry: Fundamental and Analytical Methods. John Willey. pp.107-249. [3] Krassig H (1996). Cellulose, Structure, Accessibility and Reactivity. Gordon and Breach

[4] Kroon-Batenburg LMJ & Kroon J (1997). The crystal and molecular structure of cellulose

[5] Blackwell J & Kolpak FJ (1975). The Structure of Regenerated Cellulose. *Macromolecules*,

[6] Battista O (1965). Colloidal macromolecular phenomena. *J Polym Sci Pol Sym.* 9:135-155.

Functionalization of Cellulose. New York, USA: John Wiley. 389 p.

	- [27] Fell JT & Newton JM (1968) The tensile strength of lactose tablets. *J Pharm Pharmacol.* 20: 657-758.

**Chapter 3** 

© 2013 Shokri and Adibkia, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Shokri and Adibkia, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons

Pure cellulose is available in different forms in the market with very different mechanical and pharmaceutical properties. The difference between various forms of cellulose is related

**Application of Cellulose and Cellulose** 

Javad Shokri and Khosro Adibkia

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55178

**1. Introduction** 

**2.1. Cellulose** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

applications for existed compounds by pharmaceutical researchers.

**2. Classification of cellulose-based polymers** 

**Derivatives in Pharmaceutical Industries** 

Cellulose probably is the most abundant organic compound in the world which mostly produced by plants. It is the most structural component in herbal cells and tissues. Cellulose is a natural long chain polymer that plays an important role in human food cycle indirectly. This polymer has versatile uses in many industries such as veterinary foods, wood and paper, fibers and clothes, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as excipient. Cellulose has very semi-synthetic derivatives which is extensively used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Cellulose ethers and cellulose esters are two main groups of cellulose derivatives with different physicochemical and mechanical properties. These polymers are broadly used in the formulation of dosage forms and healthcare products. These compounds are playing important roles in different types of pharmaceuticals such as extended and delayed release coated dosage forms, extended and controlled release matrices, osmotic drug delivery systems, bioadhesives and mucoadhesives, compression tablets as compressibility enhancers, liquid dosage forms as thickening agents and stabilizers, granules and tablets as binders, semisolid preparations as gelling agents and many other applications. These polymeric materials have also been used as filler, taste masker, free-flowing agents and pressure sensitive adhesives in transdermal patches. Nowadays cellulose and cellulose based polymers have gained agreat popularity in pharmaceutical industries and become more and more important in this field owing to production of the new derivatives and finding new

