**6. References**


<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author


,

302 Cellulose – Medical, Pharmaceutical and Electronic Applications

books into the environment.

significantly higher than modern values.

stability of paper.

**Author details** 

Jürgen Schram\*

Michael Witte

*Sciences, Germany* 

**6. References** 

Corresponding Author

 \*

**Acknowledgement** 

In case of airborne contaminants like NOx, SOx, HCl, organic acids it is possible to prove that acids in the paper are not only introduced by production, but to a great extend as well trapped from environment. We further on show, that some organic acid are set free by the

A well defined pulp production process, starting with used clothes, so allows to estimate the

In a flow-system the paper is first eluted and then the eluted paper spot is equilibrated with different concentration of heavy metals to plot the adsorption isotherm of that very spot.

Both data together allow a calculation of the heavy metal content of the historical river. For different waters of Germany and the Netherlands of the 16.-18. century the heavy metal load could be estimated. The resulting concentrations mostly were similar to the level of modern surface waters, but in the case of the dutch waters of the 17. century, they were e.g. for Pb2+

In summary this new field of research opens a new source of environmental historical data, which may at least help to understand local environmental processes and the long time

*Instrumental & Environmental Analysis, Dep. Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied* 

Dors †) for the possibility to measure books out of their book inventory.

This work was funded by the Research fund of the University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein in Krefeld / Germany. The authors are grateful to the staff of Shimadzu Europe, Duisburg, Germany, specially to Uwe Oppermann who promoted the work with technical support concerning atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thanks to the library of St.Josef, Krefeld, Germany (C. Zettner) and the Brigitten Bibliothek, Kaldenkirchen, Germany (K.J.

[1] P. J. Barrett, M. Sarti, M. Wise and W. Sherwood, Terra Antartica, 2000, 7(1/2), 209,

[2] Ch. R. Fielding, Ch. Thomson, MRA, Terra Antartica, 1999, 6(1/2), 173 pp ,

, Rasmus Horst, Mario Schneider, Marion Tegelkamp, Hagen Thieme and

historical heavy metal concentration (Cu2+ , Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) in the production water.

	- [30] Wasserzeichensammlung Piccard, Piccard online, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, http://www.piccard-online.de,

http://www.piccard-online.de,

[30] Wasserzeichensammlung Piccard, Piccard online, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart,
