**1. Introduction**

104 Cellulose – Medical, Pharmaceutical and Electronic Applications

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Magnetically responsive cellulose materials are specific subset of smart materials, in which magnetic nanoparticles are embedded in the polymer matrix, which can adaptively change their physical properties due to an external magnetic field. These kind of materials are expected to exhibit interesting magnetic field-dependent mechanical behavior with a wide range of potential applications, such as fibers and fabrics for protective clothing for military use (Raymond et al., 1994), magnetic filters (Pinchuk et al., 1995), sensors (Epstein & Miller, 1996), information storage, static and low frequency magnetic shielding (Dikeakos et al., 2003) and health care or biomedical products (Wang et al., 2004). In general, magnetic cellulose materials can be prepared with different morphologies, such as films, fibers, microspheres, hydrogels and aerogels, and they respond differently to externally applied magnetic field because of the different natures and structures. The main purpose of the present review is to overview on recent advances in the development of magnetic fieldresponsive cellulose composites with emphasis on the fabrication, properties and possible applications.
