**Author details**

98 Cellulose – Medical, Pharmaceutical and Electronic Applications

follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands 70.

apoptosis programmed cell death

migrate toward it

stimulation

fibroplasia the process of forming fibrous tissue

haemostasis the process that causes bleeding to stop

cells

expression

transcription factors

**Table 1.**

chemokine small chemotactic pro-inflammatory cytokine

fibrin clot is enzymatically degraded. This process allows the proceeding of reepithelisation that is needed to control the growth of the repair tissue and wound closure.

Usually by three weeks after injury, new tissue formation starts to decrease, and the emphasis of wound healing process turns to the remodelling and maturation. The main objective of this phase is to achieve maximum tensile strength by reorganisation, degradation and re-synthesis of the extracellular matrix. This final process may last even several years, before the new granulation tissue rich in cells and vascular capillaries has matured into a relatively acellular and avascular scar that lacks appendages, including hair

biocompability the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application

chemotaxis directional movement in response to the influence of chemical

chemoattracant a chemical (chemotactic) agent that induces an organism or a cell to

cytokine a small cell-signalling protein molecule secreted by numerous cells; involved in intercellular communication endosteum a thin layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity of bone

growth factor a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell growth,

development, and differentiation of blood cells

receptor a structure on the surface of or inside a cell that selectively receives

stem cell niche a local tissue microenvironment that maintains and regulates stem

debris (e.g. dead tissue cells) and other foreign bodies

microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) and the process of removing cell

molecules, usually proteins, which are involved in regulating gene

proliferation and cell differentiation

haematopoiesis production of all types of blood cells including formation,

phagocytosis an important defence mechanism against infection by

and binds a specific substance

The proteolytic activity is also a prerequisite of the neovascularisation.

Miretta Tommila, Anne Jokilammi, Risto Penttinen and Erika Ekholm\* *Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland* 

Miretta Tommila *Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland* 
