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138 Apoptosis and Medicine

**7. Conclusion** 

**Author details** 

**Acknowledgement** 

number CTS-6568)

**8. References** 

Corresponding Author

 \*

further cancer progression.

of both apoptosis and self-renewal properties, restoration of miR-34 may hold significant promise for a novel molecular therapy. Data also suggest that let-7 regulates apoptosis and CSC differentiation, which is considered as a key "keeper" of the differentiated state. In this context decreased expression of these TSmiRs implicated in self-renewal could lead to

In this chapter we have summarized the research in the discovery of molecules, biomarkers for predicting therapeutic response and regulatory pathways implicated in apoptosis induction. These strategies are contributing to design cancer-targeted therapies that diminish or circumvent toxicity and improve life quality and overall survival of patients. The selective eradication of cancer cells can be achieve with small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, used as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, that interfere with the deregulated cellular signals that promote proliferation and survival to block tumor growth or sensitize cancer cells to apoptosis while leaving normal cells unaffected. Moreover, targeted therapies reactivating death program in CSCs

*2Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Department of Human Anatomy and* 

*4Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Granada,Granada, Spain* 

This work was supported in part by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, FEDER, grant number PI10/02295 and PI10/00592) and the Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia (Junta de Andalucía, excellence project

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María A. García1, Esther Carrasco2, Alberto Ramírez3, Gema Jiménez2, Elena López-Ruiz3, Macarena Perán3, Manuel Picón2, Joaquín Campos4,

*1Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain* 

Houria Boulaiz2 and Juan Antonio Marchal2,\*

*Embryology, Universidad de Granada, Granada,Spain* 

level. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9: 231-241.

*3Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén,Spain* 


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**Chapter 6** 

© 2012 Yuan et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Yuan et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Cytocidal Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds,** 

**Alone or in Combination with, Anticancer** 

**Application of the Combinatory Therapy** 

Bo Yuan, Masahiko Imai, Hidetomo Kikuchi, Shin Fukushima, Shingo Hazama, Takenori Akaike, Yuta Yoshino, Kunio Ohyama,

Xiaomei Hu, Xiaohua Pei and Hiroo Toyoda

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50218

**1. Introduction** 

current cancers [1, 8-10].

**Drugs Against Cancer Cells: Potential Future** 

A growing body of clinical and experimental evidence has revealed a strong impact of drug resistance on clinical outcomes, especially in cancer therapy, since carcinogenesis is a multistep, multi-pathway and multi-focal process, which involves a series of epigenetic and genetic alterations [1-3]. In order to solve the serious issue facing clinical treatment, combination therapy is now widely advocated for clinical use and has been shown to have a beneficial effect on patient satisfaction [3, 4]. For instance, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin with either irinotecan or oxaliplatin have been widely used for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer [5, 6]. Furthermore, recently, various types of molecular target-based drugs, such as cetuximab and bevacizumab, are being used clinically. Although these continuous efforts to exploit potential combination therapies are ongoing, there is still a growing concern about treatment resistance, disease relapse and side effects of drugs clinically used. Of note, numerous components of edible plants, collectively termed phytochemicals that have beneficial effects for health, are increasingly being reported in the scientific literature and these compounds are now widely recognized as potential therapeutic compounds [1, 2, 4, 7, 8]. In fact, natural product derived substances, especially polyphenolic compounds with very little toxic effects on normal cells, have attracted great attention in the therapeutic arsenal in clinical oncology due to their chemopreventive, antitumoral, radiosensibilizing and chemosensibilizing activities against various types of aggressive and re-

