**5. Intoxication**

258 Apoptosis and Medicine

Fire fatality

Hypothermia (cold

exposure)

Hyperthermia (heatstroke)

acidic protein

regard to the survival time

Traumatic insult Acute/subacute death Prolonged death

Low parietal glial bFGF positivity and neuronal loss with high

ssDNA positivity

Parietal neuronal loss and increased glial cells with increased cortical and white matter bFGF positivity, and higher cortical GFAP and lower white matter GFAP positivity; overall low neuronal ssDNA positivity

Parietal neuronal loss without glial activation; overall low glial bFGF and GFAP positivities; high neuronal ssDNA positivity

Increased parietal glial bFGF positivity and neuronal loss with

low ssDNA positivity

Asphyxia Poor glial and neuronal changes in acute death

 Burns High parietal neuronal ssDNA Positivity

 CO intoxication High parietal neuronal ssDNA Positivity

CO intoxication High neuronal ssDNA positivity in the pallidum

Drug abuse High neuronal ssDNA positivity in

the cerebral cortex, pallidum and midbrain substantia nigra

Increased glial bFGF positivity in the cerebral cortex and white matter, and high S100β positivity

in the cerebral cortex

Low glial GFAP and S100β

the cerebral cortex and

and S100β positivities in the cerebral cortex

Cardiac attack Poor glial and neuronal changes in acute death

positivities in the white matter, and high neuronal ssDNA positivity in

hippocampus, with high glial bFGF

CO, carbon monoxide; ssDNA, single-stranded DNA, bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; GFAP, glial fibrillary

**Table 3.** Immunohistochemical findings of apoptosis-related biomarkers in non-injury traumas with
