**4. Conclusion**

A textile polyester vascular graft can be modified by methyl-β-CD to obtain a new implant capable of releasing antibiotics directly in situ at the site of operation over a prolonged peri‐ od and thereby preventing post-operative infections [83]. Wang reported the inclusion com‐ plex of miconazole nitrate with β-CD formation by the co-precipitation method. The DSC curve and X-ray diffraction verified the inclusion complex formation between β-CD and mi‐ conazole nitrate. The skin-care textiles can be obtained by treating fabrics with inclusion

Novel nano-porous polymers or nanosponges can be prepared for removal of organic pollu‐ tants from waste water. The polymeric «nanosponge» materials are not durable (usually they are in gel form), they do not have high mechanical strength, so they must be impreg‐ nated onto the pore structure of a ceramic or some other porous surfaces [85, 86]. This tech‐ nology is very specific for the target pollutant, it is very expensive and the removal of the adsorbed pollutant from the nanosponge is not possible. Textile materials are very impor‐ tant as filter materials. The cost of textile materials is acceptable (polyester, viscose), they have sufficient mechanical strength; the pore size, especially the macro-pore size can vary and it depends on the type of textile (the density of non-woven material) and on the diame‐ ter of the fibres. Textile materials can be further modified to prepare filtration materials with

The amount of aromatic organic pollutants (phenols, aniline, formaldehyde and others) can be reduced from dyeing wastewater by using CDs which can be immobilized on a water insoluble organic support. The new concept for modification of textile substrates based on permanent fixation of supramolecular compounds - CDs on the material sur‐ face thus imparts new functionality to the fabric [87]. The guest molecules could be vari‐ ous organic molecules and some metal ions as well. The assembly of nanocapsules on textile materials acts as selective filtration/adsorption media for various pollutants. Praba‐ haran and Mano further reported that CDs have recently been recognized as useful ad‐ sorbent matrices. Due to its hydrophobic cavity, CDs can interact with appropriately sized molecules to result in the formation of inclusion complexes. These complexes are of interest for scientific research as they exist in aqueous solution and can be used to study the hydrophobic interactions which are important in the biomedical and environ‐ mental fields. The grafting of CD onto chitosan can result in the formation of a molecu‐ lar carrier that possess the cumulative effects of inclusion, size specificity and transport properties of CDs as well as the controlled release ability of the polymeric matrix. In this review, different methods of CD grafting onto chitosan are discussed [88]. Electrospin‐ ning has been used to create polystyrene (PS) nanofibres containing any of the three dif‐ ferent types of cyclodextrin (CD); α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD [89]. These three CDs are chosen because they have different sized cavities that potentially allow for selective in‐ clusion complex (IC) formation with molecules of different sizes or differences in affinity of IC formation with one type of molecule. The comparative efficiency of the PS/CD nanofibres/nanoweb for removing phenolphthalein, a model organic compound, from solution was determined by UV-Vis spectrometry, and the kinetics of phenolphthalein capture was shown to follow the trend PS/α-CD > PS/β-CD > PS/γ-CD. Direct pyrolysis

complexes using the sol-gel method [84].

68 Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing

additional adsorption.

Since 1980, when Szejtli first patented the bonding of CDs onto textile fibres, a lot of research has gone into the application of CDs on to textile substrates. But there is still a gap between original high level basic science and commercial applications of CDs in all industrial sectors.

Nevertheless the use of CDs in the textile industry has increased in the last years. Grafted CDs on textile substrates or spun fibres which contain CDs can be used to obtain special functionality of textiles such as absorption; they can complex and release fragrances or "skin-care-active" substances like vitamins, caffeine and menthol as well as bioactive sub‐ stances such as biocides and insecticides and drugs. Furthermore, various textile materials treated with CDs could be used for adsorption of small pollutants from waste waters - for filtration, purification, and/or separation treatments of waste waters.
