**3.2. MPPT from the tracking algorithm point of view**

The tracking algorithm performance is fundamental for an efficient tracking response. Usu‐ ally, the algorithm receives the PV module voltage and current as input data and defines the dc-dc converter duty cycle that establishes the system operating point on the MPP, as de‐ picts Figure 20.

**Figure 20.** Typical input and output data related to MPPT algorithms.

As the radiation and temperature are dynamic variables, and the MPP depends on both of them, the algorithm must practically work in real time, updating the duty cycle for a fast and accurate tracking.

On the literature, there are several proposed algorithms for improving the tracking speed, accuracy or both, but the algorithm efficiency is directly associated to the complexity of im‐ plementation.

In this section, based on the PV curves understanding, a new tracking method is developed, whose main characteristics are: simplicity, excellent tracking dynamic, accuracy, stability in steady-state (no oscillations), and low cost.

Before presenting this proposal, a review of the most commonly employed MPPT algo‐ rithms is presented, where Constant Voltage, Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IncCond are briefly discussed.
