**Author details**

Camila Miyagui Yonamine1 , Álvaro Rossan de Brandão Prieto da Silva2 and Geraldo Santana Magalhães3

1 Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil

2 Department of Genetic, Butantan Institute, Brazil

3 Department of Immunology, Butantan Institute, Brazil

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Geraldo Santana Magalhães3

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**Chapter 7**

**Toxins from** *Lonomia obliqua* **— Recombinant**

Few species of butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera) are involved in human envenoming [1]. Caterpillars are the larval forms of moths and butterflies. Toxins are usually found in the caterpillar's hairs and spines with defense purposes. The majority of medically important encounters with lepidopterans occur with exposure to the caterpillar's urticating hairs or spines, but hemolymph can also have toxic properties [1, 2]. A variety of clinical effects have been described, which depend on the family and species involved, ranging from local to

In most occasions, the adverse effects caused by caterpillars are self-limited and can be treated with topical antipruritics [4]. However, for the envenoming by the South American *Lonomia obliqua* caterpillars (Figure 1), named lonomism, the antilonomic serum produced at the Butantan Institute in Brazil is the only effective treatment to reestablish the coagulation parameters in poisoned patients and to avoid the complications seen in severe cases such as

In 1989, an outbreak of accidents with this species became a serious public health threat in southern Brazil, with high fatality rates [5, 11-15]. Since then, many studies have been carried out to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of envenoming [14] and to identify the

> © 2013 Chudzinski-Tavassi et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Chudzinski-Tavassi et al.; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Production and Molecular Approach**

Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi, Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores,

Maria Esther Ricci-Silva

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53697

**1. Introduction**

systemic reactions [3, 4].

Linda Christian Carrijo-Carvalho and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

intracerebral hemorrhage and acute renal failure [5-10].

toxins responsible for adverse reactions.
