**9. References**

268 Health Management – Different Approaches and Solutions

The majority of the communication messages have focused on five target audiences: slaughter at home, restaurants, consumers, truckers, and vendors at live bird markets. Additionally, there have been regular press briefings issued, as well training and orientation sessions for the media personal reporting on Avian Influenza issues. As a result of improved communication, people have better access to accurate information on prevention and treatment of H5N1. People are also better informed on basic bio-security and hygienic preventive measures, where to receive services in the case of an outbreak, and the government policy on H5N1 as it relates to the compensation, bio-security, and

In an attempt to improve communication and information access for the public, current communications efforts are looking to establish and implement web-based SMS communications plans. This technology has the potential to be used to update the relevant stakeholders at all levels with information regarding Avian Influenza. This includes everything from the current market price of birds to outbreak alerts to best practices

One example of disease management from a communication-based approach is illustrated through the piloting of an intervention to reduce the risk of transmission of Avian Influenza to humans in rural Bangladesh. This intervention involved developing, modifying and disseminating a set of culturally appropriate messages on slaughtering and handling practices for sick and dead poultry. Once the original communications materials were developed, their acceptability and feasibility in the community was explored and the message was disseminated at five courtyard meetings. Using observation, informal conversation, in-depth interviews, and group discussions to collect data, researchers found that villagers verbally expressed willingness to follow the messages if their poultry have "bird flu." However, in practice, they were unwilling to avoid slaughtering or selling sick

Research has shown that barriers to practicing AI preventative measures fall into two categories. The largest barrier that prevents the practice of AI preventive measures is the attitudes of the population. While people may express a willingness to follow the practices, in practice, the perceived risk of AI infection in humans is too low to outweigh the immediate cost of losing income from the poultry. In addition, there is little value given to the prevention of AI. In general, the cost of prevention for any poultry farmer in greater in the short term and the benefits are reaped over the long term. This leads to negligence and carelessness towards the practice of AI preventive measures. The second barrier that prevents the practice of AI preventive measures is a lack of awareness. The lack of awareness begins with a failure to initially identify the disease in backyard and semicommercial farms. Populations also lack awareness about high-risk behaviors that can lead to the contraction of the disease in humans and the prevention measures for the points of contraction. Finally, there is a lack of awareness about AI vaccination for poultry

The lessons learned from current and past AI initiatives are invaluable. Stop AI found that backyard farmers and women were the most likely to follow bio-security practices than other groups and men. Other initiatives found that containing the disease is much more challenging than assumed and bio-security of farms should be given the highest priority.

poultry as they would lose household income(USAID/Bangladesh 2010).

rehabilitation plans (USAID/Bangladesh 2010).

(USAID/Bangladesh 2010).

(USAID/Bangladesh 2010).

**8. Conclusion** 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007. May 07) Avian Influenza (flu): Key facts about avian influenza. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008. May 28) Avian Influenza (flu): Key facts about avian influenza. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm

World Health Organization. (2006a, February). Avian Influenza ("bird flu"). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian\_influenza/en/

**15** 

*Colombia* 

**Affectation Situation of** 

*Fundación Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla* 

**HIV/AIDS in Colombian Children** 

Ana María Trejos Herrera, Jorge Palacio Sañudo Mario Mosquera Vásquez and Rafael Tuesca Molina

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global emergency and one of the most formidable challenges to human life and human dignity. The Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, adopted unanimously by the member states of the United Nations at the Special Session of the General Assembly (UNGASS) in New York and the Millennium Declaration, adopted by 189 nations and signed by 147 heads of state and government called for global action to build a global response to HIV/AIDS. (United Nations General Assembly Special

Globally, the number of children under 15 living with HIV has increased from 1.6 million [1.4 million – 2,1 million] in 2001 to 2.0 million [1.9 million-2, 3 million] in 2007, while young people between 15 and 24 represent an estimated 45% of new HIV infections worldwide. (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS] & World Health Organization

With an adjustment in early 2006, the National Institute of Health (NIH) reported 54,805 cases of Colombian HIV infection and AIDS. The general behavior of the notification has been toward increased, with the rate for the period 1983-2005 to 5.36 cases per 100,000 population and for the last decade 1995-2004 to 7.85 cases per 100,000 population. The reported annual incidence should be used with caution in response to underdiagnosis, the underreporting and delayed reporting that characterized the passive surveillance of HIV/AIDS in the country. (Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA [ONUSIDA] Grupo Temático para Colombia & Ministerio de la Protección Social de

This chapter aims to analyze the situation of involvement for HIV/AIDS in Colombian children based on a study conducted in five cities - Colombian regions: (1) Barranquilla, Santa Marta and Cartagena, (2) Cali and Buenaventura (Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar [ICBF], Save the Children, Unicef & Universidad del Norte, 2006). The study shows that the delivery of HIV/AIDS diagnosis in children affected is not an established practice in the Colombian context. The low rate of disclosure indicates that within the integrated health management is a priority to develop strategies or clinical models of revelation that support

This project arose from the need to understand the situation of involvement and quality of life of children and adolescents seropositive for HIV in five Colombian cities, to articulate and assess the scope of the public policies at the time. Our study included children under 18

processes of professionals who provide health services to affected families.

**1. Introduction** 

[WHO], 2007).

Session on HIV/AIDS [UNGASS], 2001).

Colombia Dirección General de Salud Pública, 2006).

World Organization for Animal Health [OIE]. 2010. October 5): Avian influenza facts and figures: H5N1 timeline. Retrieved from

```
 http://www.oie.int/Eng/info_ev/en_AI_factoids_H5N1_Timeline.htm
```

http://www.oie.int/Eng/info\_ev/en\_AI\_factoids\_H5N1\_Timeline.htm

World Health Organization. (2010c). WHO Egypt. Retrieved from 1http://www.who.int/countries/egy/en/
