**17. References**


A New Economic and Social Paradigm for Funding Mental Health in the Twenty First Century 237

Donohue D, Murphy S & Cowan D (2009) *Mental Health Intervention Team Course: Participant* 

Druss BG, Hwang I, Petuhova M, Sampson NA, Wang PS & Kessler RC (2009) Impairment

Dunn E, Wewiorski N & Rogers ES (2008) The Meaning and Importance of Employment to

Eckersley R (2011) Troubled Youth, an island of misery in an ocean of happiness, or the tip of an iceberg of suffering? *Early Intervention in Psychiatry*; 5 (Suppl 1); 6-11 Eiden R, Molnar D, Colder C, Edwards E & Leonard K (2009) A Conceptual Model

Eriksson M (2011) Social capital and health-implications for health promotion. *Global Health* 

Eyre A (2008) Meeting the needs of people in emergencies; a review of UK experiences and capability. *Emerging Health Threats Journal* 1:e9. doi: 10.3134/ehtj;08.009 Fatovich D, McCoubrie D, Song S, Rosen D, Lawn N & Daly F (2010) Brain abnormalities

Flood J (2006) *The Original Australians: Story of the Aboriginal People*. Allen and Unwin Sydney Forbes D, Creamer M, Phelps A, Couineau, Bryant R, McFarlane A, Devilly G, Mathews L.

Franklin M-A & White I (1991) The history and politics of Aboriginal health in Reid and Trompf (eds) *The Health of Aboriginal Australia* Harcourt Brace Janovich; Sydney Frei M (2010) Party drugs: Use and harm reduction. *Australian Family Physician* 39 (8) 558-

Furlong M & Leggatt M (1996) Reconciling the patient's right to confidentiality and

Gask L, Sibbald B & Creed F(1997) Evaluating models of working at the interface

Guscott W, Guscott T, Malingambi G & Parker R (2007) The Bali Bombings and the Evolving

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/nr-cp/\_2008/2008\_134-eng.php

*Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing*, 14 :239-242

the family's need to know. *Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry*. 30; 614-

between mental health services and primary care. *British Journal of Psychiatry*

Mental Health Response to Disaster in Australia: Lessons from Darwin. *Journal of* 

in role functioning in mental and chronic medical disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. *Molecular Psychiatry*; 14;

people in Recovery from Serious Mental illness: Results of a Qualitative Study;

Predicting Internalizing Problems In Middle Childhood Among Children of Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic Fathers: The Role of Marital Aggression *J Stud Alcohol* 

detected on magnetic resonance imaging of amphetamine users presenting to an emergency department: a pilot study. *Medical Journal of Australia*: 193 (5) 266-268 Felker B, Yazel J & Short D (1996). Mortality and medical co-morbidity among psychiatric

Raphael B, Doran C, Merlin T & Newton S (2007) Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder

*Guide*: NSW Police College, Goulburn

*Psychiatry Rehabilitation Journal* 32(1); 59-62

*Action*. 4; 5611 –DOI:10:3400/GHA.V4i0:5611

patients: a review. *Psychiatric Services*; 47: 1356-1363

*Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry*; 41: 637-646

728-737

*Drugs* 70; 741-750

561

622

1997;170:6-11 Government of Canada (2008)

(Accessed December 2010)


http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration\_almaata.pdf (Accessed March 2011)


 http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/mental-pubsf-plan09


Browne G & Hemsley M (2010) Consumer participation in housing: reflecting on consumer

Canada's Performance 2005: The Government of Canada's Contribution. Part 4: Aboriginal

Cappo (2002) *Social inclusion initiative. Social inclusion,participation and empowerment.* Address

Chandler M & Lalonde C (1998) Cultural Continuity as a hedge against suicide in Canada's

COAG (2006) Council of Australian Governments *National Action Plan on Mental Health 2006-2011*

COAG (2008) Council of Australian Governments *National Partnership Agreement on* 

http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov\_agreements/federal\_financial\_relations/docs/

Coombs T, Walter G & Bronn P (2011) Overview of the National Mental health

Cornwell K, Forbes C, Inder B & Meadows G (2009) Mental Illness and its effect on Labour Market Outcomes. *The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics*; 12; 107-118. Cutler D & Lleras-Muney A (2006) Education and Health: Evaluating Theories and

D'Amore J, Hung O, Chiang W & Goldfrank L (2001) The epidemiology of the homeless

Davidson L, Rakfeldt J & Strauss J (2010) *The Roots of the Recovery Movement in Psychiatry*.

Davies JW, Ward WK, Groom GL, Wild AJ & Wild S. (1997) The case conferencing project: a

 http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration\_almaata.pdf (Accessed March 2011) De Hert M, van Winkel R, Van Eyck & Peuskens J (2010) Physical Health management in

de Jong JT & Komproe IH (2006) A 15 year open study on a cohort of West African out patients with chronic psychosis *Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol* 41 (11); 897-903 De Walt D, Berkman N, Sheridan S, Lohr K & Pignone M (2004) Literacy and Health

DOHA (Australian Department of Health and Ageing) (2009) *Fourth National Mental Health* 

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/mental-pubs-

*Plan—An agenda for collaborative government action in mental health* 2009–2014

service. *Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry*; 31(5):751-755

national\_partnership/national\_partnership\_on\_indigenous\_economic\_participatio

Evidence: *National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 12352*: National

population and it's impact on an urban emergency department. *Academic Emergency* 

first step towards shared care between general practitioners and a mental health

Clontarf Foundation 2010 http://www.clontarffootball.com/ (accessed April 2010)

Peoples http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/report/govrev/05/cp-rc09\_e.asp (accessed

to Australian Council of Social Services National Congress, Hobart,28–29

preferences. *Australasian Psychiatry* 18(6): 579-583

First Nations. *Transcultural Psychiatry* 35(2): 191-219

 http://www.coag.gov.au/coag\_meeting\_outcomes/2006-07- 14/docs/nap\_mental\_health.pdf (accessed March 2011)

Benchmarking Project. *Australasian Psychiatry* 19 (1): 37-44

Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge MA

psychiatric settings: *European Psychiatry* 25 S22-S28

Outcomes: *J Gen Intern Med* 19: 1228-239

*Indigenous Economic Participation*

n.pdf (accessed March 2011)

*Medicine*, 8: 1051-1055

Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978)

Canberra:

f-plan09

Wiley-Blackwell Oxford

March 2008)

November.

 http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/nr-cp/\_2008/2008\_134-eng.php (Accessed December 2010)

Guscott W, Guscott T, Malingambi G & Parker R (2007) The Bali Bombings and the Evolving Mental Health Response to Disaster in Australia: Lessons from Darwin. *Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing*, 14 :239-242

A New Economic and Social Paradigm for Funding Mental Health in the Twenty First Century 239

Kermode M, Bowen K, Arole S, Pathare A & Jorm A (2009) Attitudes to people with mental

Kesic D, Thomas S & Ogloff J (2010) Mental illness among police fatalities in Victoria 1982-

Kinzie JD & Goetz RR (1996) A Century of Controversy Surrounding Post Traumatic Stress-

Kirmayer L, Brass G & Tait C (2000). The Mental Health of Aboriginal Peoples:

Kitchener B & Jorm A (2006) Mental health first aid training: a review of evaluation studies:

Lambert T, Velakoulis D & Pantelis C. (2003) Medical co-morbidity in schizophrenia. *Medical* 

Lambert T & Chapman L. (2004) Diabetes, psychotic disorders and antipsychotic therapy: a

Leff J & Warner R (2006) *Social Inclusion of People with Mental illness*. Cambridge University

Lesser J (2004) All Care and Whose Responsibility. *Psychiatry, Psychology and Law* 11 (2); 236-

Lim K-L, Jacobs P, Ohinmaa A, Schopflacher D & Dewa CS (2008): A new population-based

Lubman D & Baker A (2010) Cannabis and mental health: Management in Primary care.

Luhrmann T (2008) "The Street Will Drive You Crazy"; Why Homeless Psychotic Women in

MacMillan H, MacMillan A, Offord D & Dingle J (1996). Aboriginal health. *Canadian Medical* 

Martens L & Addington J (2001) The psychological well being of family members of individuals with schizophrenia. *Soc Psychiatry, Psychiatr Epidemiology*. 36: 128-135 McGorry P, Tanti C, Stokes R, Hickie I, Carnell K, Littlefield L & Moran J (2007) *headspace*:

Meadows G. (1998) Establishing a collaborative model for primary mental health care.

MHCA (2005) Mental Health Council of Australia. *Not For Service: Experiences of Injustice and* 

http://www.hreoc.gov.au/disability\_rights/notforservice/documents/NFS\_Final

MHCC (2009) Mental Health Commission of Canada: *Toward Recovery and Well-Being: A* 

measure of the economic burden of mental illness in Canada; *Chronic Diseases in* 

the Institutional Circuit in the United States Often Say No to Offers of Help.

Australia's National Youth Mental Health Foundation-where young minds come

consensus statement. *Medical Journal of Australia*, 181 (10), 544-548

*Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiology*; 44 (12): 1087-96

*Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry*; 40: 6-8.

*Journal of Australia* 2003; 178: S67-70

*Australian Family Physician* 39 (8) 554-557

*American Journal of Psychiatry*; 165; 15-20

first; *Medical Journal of Australia*; 187(7) S68-S70

*Medical Journal of Australia* 1998; 168(4): 162-165

*Despair in Mental Health Care in Australia*, Canberra.

*Framework for a Mental Health Strategy in Canada*: Ottawa

*Association Journal*. 155(11), 1569-1578

doc.pdf (Accessed March 2011).

468

616

243

*Stress*; 9(2): 159-179

Press. Cambridge UK

*Canada*; 28 (3) 92-98

disorders: a mental health literacy survey in the rural area of Maharashtra, India

2007: case linkage study: *Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry*; 44: 463-

Spectrum Syndromes: The Impact on DSM III and DSM IV, *Journal of Traumatic* 

Transformations of Identity and Community. *Canadian Journal of Psychiatry*, 45: 607-


Harley M, Kelleher I, Clarke M, Lynch F, Arsenault L, Connor D, Fitzpatrick C & Cannon M

Hellemans K, Sliwowska J, Verma P & Weinberg J (2009) Prenatal alcohol exposure: Fetal

Henry K (2007). *Addressing Extreme Disadvantage through Investment in Capability Development*.

www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1327/PDF/Health\_and\_Welfare\_Conference.p

Herrman H, Shekar S & Moodie R (Eds) (2005) *Promoting Mental Health: concepts, emerging* 

HREOC (Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission). (2008) *CLOSETHEGAP:* 

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Communications Branch (2004) *The Landscape: Public* 

Jablensky A, McGrath J, Herrman H, Castle D, Gureje O, Evans M, Carr V, Morgan V,

Jacobs P, Yim R, Ohinmaa AE, Eng , Dewa CS, Bland R, Block R & Slomp M (2008)

Jeffs S (2009) *Flying with paper wings: reflections on living with madness*. Vulgar Press

Jeste D, Gladsjo J, Lindamer L & Lacro J. (1996) Medical Co-Morbidity in Schizophrenia.

Jonson-Reid M, Presnall N, Drake B, Fox L, Bierut L, Reich W, Kane P, Todd R &

Jorm A, Korten A, Jacomb P, Christensen H, Rodgers B & Pollitt P (1997) "Mental health

Kanowski L, Jorm A & Hart L (2009) A mental health first aid training program for

disorders; *Neuroscience and Behaviour Reviews*: 34; 791-807.

*National Indigenous Health Equality Targets ,* HREOC, Sydney.

psychotic symptoms in adolescence *Psychological Medicine* 40; 1627-1634 Heald A, Montejo A, Millar H, De Hart M, McCrae J & Correll C (2010) Management of

*European Psychiatry* 25: S41-S45

df - (accessed March 2008)

Government Services. Canada

*Psychiatry*; 34: 221-236

Melbourne

Conference "Australia's Welfare 2007"

Foundation and the University of Melbourne

2004 *Canadian Journal of Psychiatry* 53(5): 306-313

*Schizophrenia Bulletin*.: 22(3); 413-430

June 3. doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-3-10.

*Psychiatry*; 49 (4); 321-343

(2010) Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of

Physical Health in patients with schizophrenia: practical recommendations

programming and later life vulnerability to stress, depression and anxiety

Closing Keynote Address to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

*evidence, practice*: Report of the World Health Organisation, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse in collaboration with the Victorian Health Promotion

*Opinion on Aboriginal and Northern Issues*. Minister of Public Works and

Korten A & Harvey C. 2000Psychotic disorders in urban areas: an overview of the Study on Low Prevalence Disorders. *Australian and New Zealand Journal of* 

Expenditures on mental health and addictions for Canadian provinces in 2003 and

Constantino J (2010) The Effects of Child Maltreatment and Inherited Liability on Antisocial Development: An Official Records Study: *J Am Acad Child Adoles* 

literacy" : a survey of the public's ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment; *Medical Journal of Australia*: 166: 182-185

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: description and initial evaluation: *International Journal of Mental Health Systems* 3: 10 Published online 2009


A New Economic and Social Paradigm for Funding Mental Health in the Twenty First Century 241

Parker R, Leggatt M & Crowe J (2010) Public Interest and Private Concern: The Role of

Piat M , Sabetti J & Bloom D (2010) The Transformation of Mental Health Services to a

Porter M (2010a) Value in Health Care: Supplementary Appendix 1 to What is Value in

Porter M (2010b) Value in Health Care: Supplementary Appendix 2 to What is Value in

Postert C (2010) Moral agency, identity crisis and mental health; an anthropologist's plight

Prince M, Patel V, Shekhar S, Maselka J, Phillips MR & Rahman A (2007) No health without

Rahman A & Prince M (2008) Mental health in the Tropics: *Annals of Tropical Medicine and* 

RANZCP (2010) Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Code of Ethics

RANZCP (2011) Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

Riley G, Gregory N, Bellinger J, Davies N, Mabbott G & Sabourin R (2011) Carer's education

Sara G, Burgess P, Malhi G & Whiteford H (2011) Amphetamine availability and admissions

Schanzer B, Dominguez B, Shrout P & Caton C (2007) Homelessness, Health Status and

Symonds D & Parker R (2007) The Top End Mental Health Services General Practice Clinic:

Tanenbaum S (2005) Evidence-Based Practice As Mental health Policy: Three Controversies

Teschinsky U (2000) Living with Schizophrenia, the Family Experience. *Issues in Mental* 

Tolkien II Team (2006) *Tolkien II A Needs Based costed stepped care model for Mental Health* 

The PLoS Medicine Editors (2008) Homelessness is just not a housing problem. *PLoS Med*

(http://www.ranzcp.org/resources/clinical-practice-guidelines.html Accessed

groups for relatives with a first episode of psychosis: an evaluation of an eight

for psychosis in New South Wales, 2001-2009. *Australian and New Zealand Journal of* 

an initiative for patients with serious mental illness. *Australasian Psychiatry* 15 (1):

*Services*; Sydney: World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for

and his Hmong ritual healing. *Cult Med Psychiatry*; 34 (1): 169-185)

attachments/Resources/College\_Statements/code\_ethics\_2010.pdf

Rees C (2005) Thinking about children's attachment. *Arch Dis Child*; 90; 1058-1065

week education group; *Early Intervention in Psychiatry*; 5; 57-63

Sartorius N (2010) Short-lived campaigns are not enough *Nature* 468; 164-166

Sen A (1999) *Development as Freedom*. Oxford University Press. Oxford

5(12): e1000003.doi:10 :1371/journal.pmed:1000003

and A Caveat; *Health Affairs* 24 (1); 163-173

*Health Nursing*. 21: 387-396.

Classification in Mental Health

Health Care Use. *American Journal of Public Health*. 97 (3) 464-469)

*Australasian Psychiatry* 18 (2) 163-166.

health care ? *N Engl J Med*; 363; 2477-81

health care ? *N Engl J Med*; 363; 2477-81

mental health *Lancet*; 370; 859-877

http://www.ranzcp.org/images/stories/ranzcp-

*Parasitology* 102 (2) 89-110)

(Accessed March 2011)

*Psychiatry*; 45: 317-324

January 2011)

58-61

*International Journal of Social Psychiatry* 56(2): 168-177

Porter R (ed) (1991) *The Faber Book of Madness* Faber and Faber London

Carers for People suffering from severe mental illness in the Twenty First Century

Recovery Orientated System of Care: Canadian Decision Maker Perspectives:


Mihalopoulos C, Magnus A, Carter R & Vos T (2004) Assessing cost-effectiveness in mental

Milroy H, Milroy J, Parker R & Phillips N (2003) *Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental* 

Motlova L (2007) Schizophrenia and the Family. *Neuroendocrinology Letters* 28 (Suppl 1), :

Morrison D (2009) Homelessness as an independent risk factor for mortality: results from a retrospective cohort study. *International Journal of Epidemiology*; 38; 877-883 Moulding R, Grenier J, Blashki G, Ritchie P, Pirkis J & Chomienne M-H (2009) Integrating

Mueser K, Torrey W, Lynde D, Singer P & Drake R (2003) Implementing Evidence-Based

Mulvale G, Abelson J & Goering P (2007) Mental health service delivery in Ontario, Canada:

Nelson E, Lynskey M, Heath A, Madden P & Martin N (2010) A Family Study of Adult

Nestor P & Galletly S C (2008) The employment of consumers in mental health services;

Norris F, Friedman M, Watson P, Byrne C, Diaz E, & Kaniasty K (2002). 60,000 Disaster

O'Connor N & Paton M (2008) "Governance of" and "Governance by": implementing a

O'Hara A (2007) Housing for People with Mental Illness: Update of a Report to the President's New Freedom Commission. *Psychiatric Services*. 58 (7) 907-913

http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa\_charter\_hp.pdf (Accessed march

Padgett D (2007) There's No Place Like (a) Home: Ontological Security Among People with Serious Mental Illness in the United States. *Soc Sci Med*; 64 (9): 1925-1936 Paparelli A, Di Forti M, Morrison P& Murray R (2011) Drug-induced psychosis; how to

Paradis Y (2007) Racism in Carson B, Dunbar T, Chenhall R & Bailie R (eds) *Social* 

Parker R, Chee N, Coglan A, Fraser J & Raphael B (2009) The China-Australia Training on

light. *Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience*: Volume 5, Article 1, 1-9

*Determinants of Indigenous Health* Allen and Unwin Sydney.

Earthquake. *Medical Journal of Australia* 190 (9) 508-509

*new Zealand Journal of Psychiatry*: 38: 511-519

*Canadian Journal of Public Health* 100(2) 145-147

Psychiatry. Sydney

147-159

2; 363-389

(2) 121-130

*Psychiatry*; 65(3) 207-260.

*Psychiatry* 16(2): 69-73

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)

347

2011)

health: family interventions for schizophrenia and related conditions. *Australian and* 

*Health* Education Unit for the PCP Course offered by the NSW Institute of

Psychologists into the Canadian Health Care System: The Example of Australia;

Practices for people with Severe Mental Illness; *Behaviour Modification* 27 (3) 387-411

how do policy legacies shape prospects for reform? *Health Economics, Policy and Law*

Twins with and without a History of Childhood Abuse: Stability of Retrospective Reports of Maltreatment and Associated Family Measures *Twin Res Hum Genet* 13

politically correct tokenism or genuinely useful? *Australasian Psychiatry* 16(5); 344-

Victims Speak :Part 1, An Empirical Review of the Empirical Literature, 1981-2001,

clinical governance framework in an area mental health service; *Australasian* 

avoid star gazing in schizophrenia research by looking at more obvious sources of

Psychological Crisis Intervention for Medical and Volunteers following the Sichuan


http://www.ranzcp.org/images/stories/ranzcp-

attachments/Resources/College\_Statements/code\_ethics\_2010.pdf


**13** 

*Australia* 

**Three Decades of the Integrated Child** 

*1School of Population Health, University of Western Australia,* 

**Progress and Problems** 

Niyi Awofeso1,2 and Anu Rammohan3

**Development Services Program in India:** 

*2School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales 3Discipline of Economics, School of Business, University of Western Australia* 

It is understood that life success, health and emotional wellbeing have their roots in early childhood. Investing resources to support children in their early years of life brings long-term benefits to them and to the whole community. Early childhood development outcomes are therefore important markers of the welfare of children, and can predict future health and human capital. Well conducted research studies show that Early Child Development programs benefit children, families, and communities, and are associated with; higher and timelier school enrolment, higher school completion rates, improved nutrition and health status, child morbidity and mortality, improved social and emotional behaviour, and increased earning

potential and economic self-sufficiency as an adult (Reynolds et al., 2001; Young, 1996).

India is the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS).

Over the past three decades, India has experienced high prevalence of malnutrition despite increasing agricultural production and enviable economic growth. Some analysts have attributed this to poverty, spending patterns which favour festivals and non-essential foodstuffs over staple food, and high rates of infectious and chronic diseases (Banerjee & Duflo, 2006; Radhakrishna & Ravi, 2004). India's governments have sought to address chronic malnutrition through an extensive network of food-based social safety net, price controls for staple foods, income support, food-for-work programmes and direct provision of nutritious food to children. By far the biggest nutrition supplementation programme in

Early childhood care and education services were prioritised in India's 1986 National Policy on Education as a crucial input into primary education and a significant support for women wishing to work in the formal sector. An inter-ministerial survey in 1972 revealed that child care programmes in India were not having the desired impact owing to resource constraints, inadequate coverage, and a fragmented approach. Consequently, India's ICDS was established in 1975 with the following objectives; (1) lay the foundation for the physical, psychological and social development of children; (2) improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group 0-6 years and reduce the incidence of mortality, sickness, malnutrition and school dropout; (3) enhance, through improved health care and education, the ability of mothers to look after the normal needs of their children, and; (4) achieve

**1. Introduction** 

