**1. Introduction**

20 Health Management – Different Approaches and Solutions

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"Prevention is better than cure." The system proposed in this chapter aims to achieve this. According to the bulletin report of Taiwan Ministry of Interior, the elder population in Taiwan at the end of 2008 was 2.4 million, about 10.4% of the total Taiwan population. This percentage has already exceeded the standard for aging society set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, it is estimated that in 2025 the elder population in Taiwan will reach more than 20% of the total population; therefore, the "long-distance home health care service" has become one of the key emerging businesses in Taiwan. It was estimated that the market revenue of home health care for these elders reached 300 million dollars in 2010.

In recent years, several studies integrating communication and sensor technologies for home health monitoring system have been discussed (Chang, 2004; Chen, 2008; Lee, 2006a, 2006b, 2007a, 2007b; J.L. Lin, 2005; T.H. Lin, 2004, Shu, 2005; Wu, 2004; Ye, 2006; Yu et al., 2005), such as monitoring long-term health data to find out the abnormal signs and monitoring the medical record regularly for chronic patients to cut down their treatment frequency, to save doctor's treatment time, and to reduce medical expenses. Based on the sensor and communication technologies used, these systems can be categorized into two systems: immobile and mobile long-distance health monitoring systems. Our previous works all focused on mobile long-distance physiological signal measuring based on either a single-chipmicroprocessor or a smart phone. The physiological sensor used was a RFID ring-type pulse/temperature sensor. The measured data can be transmitted via different communication protocols, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, HSDPA, GPRS, and TCP/IP. In order to meet the requirement for mobile health monitoring system (MHMS), the system design needs to adopt light modular sensors for data collection and wireless communication technology for mobility. The popular smart phones used in people's daily life are the best devices for MHMS.

In this chapter, a different mobile e-health-management system based on mobile physiological signal monitoring is presented to practice the idea of "Prevention is better than cure." This system integrates a wearable ring-type pulse monitoring sensor and a portable biosignal

<sup>\*</sup> Chao-Shu Chang1, Yoshihito Sawaguchi2, Wen-Ching Yu1, Men-Jen Chen3, Jing-Yuan Lin1,

Shih-Min Liu1, Chin-Chuan Han1, Wen-Liang Huang1 and Chin-Yu Su1

*<sup>1</sup> National United University, Taiwan,* 

*<sup>2</sup> Kisarazu National College of Technology, Japan,* 

*<sup>3</sup> National Kaohsiung University of Applied Science, Taiwan.* 

A Mobile-Phone-Based Health Management System 23

MCU data controller, the Bluetooth adaptors connected to the reader and the MCU data controller pass the data to the smart phone, and the smart phone records/displays the physiological data and also transmits data to the remote medical station using GPRS, HSDPA (3.5G), WiFi, or WiMax. The GPS built in the smart phone can provide the position information of the monitored person so that the medical personnel can be dispatched to the right location more promptly in an emergency situation. The proposed system architecture is capable of integrating additional physiological sensors via the MCU data controller. Therefore, it can be used as an e-coach to keep the user having healthy life style. It also can be applied to the baby-caring by detecting baby's pulse and/or ECG to identify whether the baby is being

The hardware used in MHMS includes RFID pulse/temperature sensor tag (Ring) and RFID

Although there is a ring-type pulse monitoring sensor in the market, shown as Fig. 2, the measured data are displayed in the LCD and cannot be transmitted out of the ring. In this paper, a RFID wearable ring-type sensor designed by Sinopulsar Technology Inc., Taiwan was adopted, instead. Fig. 3 shows this RFID ring (tag). This ring sensor is non-invasive, portable, and mobile. It can measure pulse and temperature signals which are processed by a built-in microcontroller. It uses optical sensors to detect heart rate and has anti data collision mechanism. Physiological data are then transmitted by RF wireless transmission with FSK modulation using UHF ISM band (up to 50 meters) to a RFID reader shown as Fig. 4. Fig. 5 illustrates the integration of Bluetooth adaptor, RFID ring (tag), and RFID

reader, Bluetooth RS232 adaptor, biosignal recorder, and smart phone.

suffocated by pillow or blanket.

**2.2.1 RFID pulse/temperature sensor** 

Fig. 2. A commercial ring-type pulse sensor

**2.2 Hardware** 

reader.

recorder with a smart phone. The ring-type pulse monitoring sensor can measure pulse and temperature, while the biosignal recorder can record electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and body 3-axis acceleration during daily lives. The smart phone provides mobile "exercise-333" health management mechanisms. The user can monitor his/her own pulse and temperature from the smart phone where the "exercise-333" health management mechanism can help him/her to develop a healthy life style: taking exercise 3 or more times a week, at least 30 minutes per time, raising heart rate to 130 per minute. With the popularity and mobility of smart phones, this system effectively provides the needs for mobile health management.
