**3.4 Excretion**

132 Health Management – Different Approaches and Solutions

*vitro*, of pure aflatoxin B1 has afforded four compounds of molecular weights (MW) 286, 256, 236 and 206, together with many unidentified compounds of MW less than 200. The compound of MW 286 has been characterized as the decarboxylated derivative (aflatoxin D1) of aflatoxin B1, whereas the compound of MW 206 lacks the cyclopentenone ring of aflatoxin D1. The loss of the methoxy group from aflatoxin D1 affords the compound of MW 256. The

reaction product of molecular weight 236 is still to be identified

Fig. 9. Ammoniazation process of aflatoxin B1 (Parker et al., 1998)

The interaction of ammonia with both aflatoxin and nutritional components of feedstuffs has been. The resultant composition of these reaction products will determine the effect of ammoniation on both the nutritional and toxicological properties of treated commodity. These properties in turn, will determine the productivity of animals fed ammoniated feeds, together

The toxicity of the reaction product, aflatoxin D1, has been compared to that of the aflatoxin B1 using a) the Ames test (Salmonella mutagenicity), b) the DNA covalent binding index CBI and c) the chick embryo bioassay as indicators of toxicity. Aflatoxin B1 was reported (Lee et al., 1981; Yunus et al., 2010), as representing a 450-fold decrease in mutagenic potential, a 300-fold decrease, at least, in the DNA CBI (46), and (c ) a 20-fold decrease, in toxicity to check the embryo (Lee et al., 1981; Kisoh et al., 2004). The reaction product MW 206, was over 600 times less mutagenic than aflatoxin B1 (Hawarth et al., 1989; Faisal et al., 2008).

After absorption from the intestine, aflatoxin B1 rapidly enters the liver through the hepatic portal vein. The toxin is heavily concentrated in the liver after orla, ip and iv

with the acceptability of animal products (milk, meat and eggs) used as human food.

**3.2.3 Ammoniation and feed toxicity** 

**3.3 Distribution** 

**3.2.4 Toxicity of ammonization reaction products** 

The excretion of aflatoxin B1 occurs mainly through biliary pathway and, to a lesser extent, by the urinary pathway, and by excretion into milk of lactating animals.
