**6. Conclusion**

88 Health Management – Different Approaches and Solutions

Maternal experience of any physical or sexual IPV (AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.05–1.80) and both physical and sexual IPV (AOR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.37-3.60) were associated with any illness

**Diarrhea ARI Fever Any illness** 

1.00

1.00

1.38 (1.05-1.80) 1.28 (0.93-1.77) 0.97 (0.56-1.66) 2.21 (1.37-3.60)

1.30 (1.00-1.72) 1.21 (0.87-1.68) 1.00 (0.57-1.76) 1.90 (1.19-3.03)

1.00

1.46 (1.02-2.12) 1.72 (1.13-2.64) 0.59 (0.28-1.25) 1.83 (1.03-3.37)

**Measure of Maternal IPV AOR (95% CI)** 

1.00

Models were adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, maternal decision making autonomy, mother's occupation, mother's BMI, parity, residence, household members, child sex, child age, initiation of breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding,, types of cooking fuel, stunting, underweight,

Table 3. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for Associations between Different Aspects of Maternal

The findings of this study revealed that approximately one-third (29.0%) of currently married Bangladeshi women with children below the age of five years experienced any form of physical or sexual IPV in the past year. In Bangladesh, maternal experience of any physical or sexual IPV was associated with increased risk of diarrhea, ARI, fever, and any illness in children aged younger than five years. The findings of an increased risk of childhood diarrhea and ARI of abused women was in accordance with previous reports in Bangladesh (Silverman et al., 2009) of an association between physical or sexual partner violence and diarrhea and ARI of the child. Other study outside South Asia ( Karamagi et al., 2007) found mixed evidence for an association between maternal lifetime IPV and common childhood illness. The current research expands on these previous two studies by using a large national sample from Bangladesh and added information on the association

Another important new finding was that a combination of both physical and sexual IPV appeared to have more profound consequences on the outcome measured. Previous studies found that experienced of both physical and sexual IPV are stronger predictors of long-term negative physical and mental health outcomes of mothers (Ferri et al., 2007; Peter, 2004; Cripe et al., 2008; Bizu et al., 2010). Its impact on mental health can be as serious as its physical impact, and may be equally long lasting. Evidence has shown that such negative

1.50 (1.04-2.27) 1.35 (1.01-2.30) 0.97 (0.43-2.20) 2.38 (1.32-4.31)

IPV and Morbidity Status for Children Under-five Years (n=1851)

between maternal physical or sexual IPV and all common childhood illness.

**4.4 IPV and any childhood illness** 

among children **(Table 3)**.

**Types of IPV** 

sexual Physical only Sexual only Both physical and sexual violence

None (reference) Any physical or

wasting, and wealth index.

**5. Discussion** 

In conclusion any physical or sexual IPV was associated with the increased risk of all common childhood illness namely, diarrhea, ARI and fever among children below five years of age in Bangladesh. In interventions aimed at improving child morbidity status, efforts are needed to protect women from the physical and sexual violence of their husbands. These findings may be relevant in other resource-limited settings as well where the prevalence of child morbidity is high and may be of interest to clinicians when assessing children with different problems related to morbidity status. Future longitudinal studies, however, are needed for assessment of the chronology of the associated child morbidity or inferences regard.
