**Author details**

Hideo Takabatake\*

Address all correspondence to: hideo@neptune.kanazawa-it.ac.jp

Department of Architecture, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Institute of Disaster and En‐ vironmental Science, Japan

## **References**


[7] Beck, H. (1962). Contribution to the analysis of coupled shear walls. *Journal of the American Concrete Institute*, 59(8), 1055-1069.

**10. Conclusions**

280 Advances in Vibration Engineering and Structural Dynamics

long period.

**Author details**

Hideo Takabatake\*

**References**

vironmental Science, Japan

Address all correspondence to: hideo@neptune.kanazawa-it.ac.jp

A simple but accurate analytical theory for doubly symmetric frame-tube structures has been presented by applying ordinary finite difference method to the governing equations proposed by the one-dimensional extended rod theory. From the numerical results, the present theory has been clarified to be usable in the preliminary design stages of the static and dynamic analyses for a doubly symmetric single or double frame-tube with braces, in practical use. Furthermore, it will be applicable to hyper high-rise buildings, e.g. over 600m in the total height, because the calculation is very simple and very fast. Next the approxi‐ mate method for natural frequencies of high-rise buildings is presented in the closed-form solutions. This method is very simple and effective in the preliminary design stages. Fur‐ thermore, the two-dimensional extended rod theory is introduced as for the expansion of the one-dimensional extended rod theory. Last it is stated to be urgently necessary seismic retrofitting for existing high-rise buildings subject to earthquake wave included relatively

Department of Architecture, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Institute of Disaster and En‐

[1] Reissner, E. (1946). Analysis of shear lag in box beams by the principle of minimum

[2] Takabatake, H., Mukai, H., & Hirano, T. (1993). Doubly symmetric tube structures- I:

[3] Takabatake, H., Mukai, H., & Hirano, T. (1993). Doubly symmetric tube structures- II:

[4] Takabatake, H., Mukai, H., & Hirano, T. (1996). Erratum for "Doubly symmetric tube structures- I: Static analysis. *Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE*, 122(2), 225.

[5] Takabatake, H., Takesako, R., & Kobayashi, M. (1995). A simplified analysis of dou‐ bly symmetric tube structures. *The Structural Design of Tall Buildings*, 4(2), 137-153. [6] Takabatake, H. (1996). A simplified analysis of doubly symmetric tube structures by the finite difference method. *The Structural Design of Tall Buildings*, 5(2), 111-128.

potential energy. *Quarterly of Applied Mathematics*, 4(3), 268-278.

Static analysis. *Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE*, 119(7), 1981-2001.

Static analysis. *Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE*, 119(7), 2002-2016.


[24] Tarjian, G., & Kollar, L. P. (2004). Approximate analysis of building structures with identical stories subjected to earthquake. *International Journal of Solids and Structures*, 41(5), 1411-1433.

**Chapter 11**

**An Analysis of the Beam-to-Beam Connections Effect**

Nowadays steel and composite (steel-concrete) building structures are more and more be‐ coming the modern landmarks of urban areas. Designers seem to continuously move the safety border, in order to increase slenderness and lightness of their structural systems. However, more and more steel and composite floors are carried out as light weight struc‐ tures with low frequencies and low damping. These facts have generated very slender com‐ posite floors, sensitive to dynamic excitation, and consequently changed the serviceability

A direct consequence of this new design trend is a considerable increase in problems re‐ lated to unwanted composite floor vibrations. For this reason, the structural floors sys‐ tems become vulnerable to excessive vibrations produced by impacts such as human rhythmic activities. On the other hand, the increasing incidence of building vibration problems due to human activities led to a specific design criterion to be addressed in structural design [1-7]. This was the main motivation for the development of a design methodology centred on the steel-concrete composite floors non-linear dynamic response

> © 2012 da Silva et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 da Silva et al.; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**and Steel-Concrete Interaction Degree Over the**

**Composite Floors Dynamic Response**

José Guilherme Santos da Silva,

Elvis Dinati Chantre Lopes and

Sidclei Gomes Gonçalves

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51672

**1. Introduction**

Sebastião Arthur Lopes de Andrade,

Luciano Rodrigues Ornelas de Lima,

Pedro Colmar Gonçalves da Silva Vellasco,

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

and ultimate limit states associated to their design.

submitted to loads due to human rhythmic activities.

