**3. Practical cases of SF model application**

An operation batch contains some pieces with characteristics out of specifications.

Figure 2 shows the problem (Problematic Situation 1 - Incomplete Model) [8].

**Figure 2.** Problematic Situation 1 - incomplete model

The Substance-Field Model is incomplete, a field is missing. The problem corresponds to Problematic Situation 1 and can be solved resorting to General Solution 1.

Figure 3 shows the solution.

Substance-Field Analysis is a useful tool for identifying problems in a technical system and finding innovative solutions to these identified problems. Recognized as one of the most valuable contributions of TRIZ, Substance-Field Analysis is able to model a system in a simple graphical approach, to identify problems and also to offer standard solutions for system

There are mainly five types of relationships among the substances: useful impact, harmful

**•** Class 3: Transition from a base system to a super-system or to a subsystem (6 standard

**•** Class 4: Measure or detect anything within a technical system (17 standard solutions) **•** Class 5: Introduce substances or fields into a technical system (17 standard solutions)

These 76 solutions can be condensed and generalized into seven standard solutions.

An operation batch contains some pieces with characteristics out of specifications.

S1 S2

The Substance-Field Model is incomplete, a field is missing. The problem corresponds to

Figure 2 shows the problem (Problematic Situation 1 - Incomplete Model) [8].

Problematic Situation 1 and can be solved resorting to General Solution 1.

Substance-Field Analysis has 76 standard solutions categorized into five classes [9]:

The process of functional models construction comprehends the following stages [8]:

improvement [7].

86 Advances in Industrial Design Engineering

solutions)

**1.** Survey of available information.

**2.** Construction of Substance-Field diagram.

**4.** Choice of a generic solution (standard solution).

**5.** Development of a specific solution for the problem.

**•** Class 2: Develop a substance-field (23 standard solutions)

**3. Practical cases of SF model application**

**Figure 2.** Problematic Situation 1 - incomplete model

impact, excessive impact, insufficient impact and transformation [8].

**•** Class 1: Construct or destroy a substance-field (13 standard solutions)

**3.** Identification of problematic situation.

**Figure 3.** General Solution 1 for Problematic Situation 1

The possible specific solution is to inspect pieces before the operation, putting aside faulty components from acceptable ones. Then the model becomes complete.

A machine-tool fixture used for certain fabrication operation is damaging the lateral surfaces of the workpiece.

Figure 4 shows the problem (Problematic Situation 2 - Harmful Interactions between the Substances).

The Substance-Field Model is complete however the interaction between the substances **Figure 4.** Problematic Situation 2 - harmful interactions between the substances

S2 S1

F

is harmful. The problem corresponds to Problematic Situation 2 and can be solved resorting to General Solution 2. Figure 5 shows the general solution. The Substance-Field Model is complete however the interaction between the substances is harmful. The problem corresponds to Problematic Situation 2 and can be solved resorting to General Solution 2.

Figure 5 shows the general solution.

harmful impact. The changes can be internal and/or external, can be temporary or

The physical and/or chemical characteristics of substance S1 may be altered internally or externally, so that it becomes less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact, as seen in Figure 4. The modification may be either temporary or permanent. Additives may be needed

Figure 6: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 2

S2 S'1

F

S´2 S1

F

modification, the substance S1 is modified. The characteristics (physical, chemical and/or other) of substance S1 are changed in order to become it less sensitive or insensitive to a **Figure 5.** General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 2

Figure 6 shows the general solution.

S2 S1

F

permanent.

in the modification.

to General Solution 2.

The possible specific solution is to use another machine-tool fixture system or to modify the actual fixture in order to eliminate or reduce damages at the lateral surfaces of the workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated. F F

Figure 4: Problematic Situation 2 - harmful interactions between the substances

S2 S1

F

General Solution 3: Modify S1 to be Insensitive or Less Sensitive to Harmful Impact S2 S1 S´2 S1

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). Figure 5: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 2

Figure 5 shows the general solution.

General Solution 3 is similar to General Solution 2, but instead of substance S2 modification, the substance S1 is modified. The characteristics (physical, chemical and/or other) of substance S1 are changed in order to become it less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact. The changes can be internal and/or external, can be temporary or permanent. The possible specific solution is to use another machine-tool fixture system or to modify the actual fixture in order to eliminate or reduce damages at the lateral surfaces of the workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated. General Solution 3: Modify S1 to be Insensitive or Less Sensitive to Harmful Impact The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

**Figure 7.** General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 2

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

S2 S1

S2 S1

F

F

S1 S2

S1 S2

F

F

will not change its characteristics in this solution. Figure 8 shows the general solution.

will not change its characteristics in this solution. Figure 8 shows the general solution.

treatment) in order to reduce the superficial tensions. General Solution 6: Introduce a Positive Field The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). General Solution 6 is very similar to General Solution 5.

treatment) in order to reduce the superficial tensions. General Solution 6: Introduce a Positive Field The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). General Solution 6 is very similar to General Solution 5.

**Figure 8.** General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 2

order to reduce the superficial tensions.

Figure 9 shows the general solution.

General Solution 6: Introduce a Positive Field

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

General Solution 6 is very similar to General Solution 5.

modification, the field F is modified.

modification, the field F is modified.

its characteristics in this solution.

Counteractive Field Fx

Counteractive Field Fx

Figure 8 shows the general solution.

General Solution 5 presupposes introduction of a counteractive field FX in order to remove, neutralize or isolate the harmful impact. The substances S2 and S1 and the field F will not change

General Solution 5: Eliminate, Neutralize or Isolate Harmful Impact Using Another

General Solution 5 presupposes introduction of a counteractive field FX in order to remove, neutralize or isolate the harmful impact. The substances S2 and S1 and the field F

General Solution 5 presupposes introduction of a counteractive field FX in order to remove, neutralize or isolate the harmful impact. The substances S2 and S1 and the field F

Figure 8: General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 2 For example, a technological operation is creating significant superficial tensions in workpieces. The possible specific solution is to introduce a tempering operation (heat

Figure 8: General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 2 For example, a technological operation is creating significant superficial tensions in workpieces. The possible specific solution is to introduce a tempering operation (heat

For example, a technological operation is creating significant superficial tensions in workpie‐ ces. The possible specific solution is to introduce a tempering operation (heat treatment) in

Another field is added to work with the current field in order to increase the useful effect and reduce the negative effect of the existing system keeping all elements without change.

For example, Lean Philosophy is a systematized approach for continual improvement. The possible specific solution is to introduce another positive field, TRIZ techniques, so the useful

effect of Lean is increases and negative effects in existing system are reduced.

General Solution 7: Expand Existing Substance-Field Model to a Chain

S1 S2

Fx

Fx

F

F

S1 S2

S2 S1

S2 S1

F´

F´

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Figure 7: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 2 The possible specific solution is to change the technological process and its operations keeping the same substances in order to reduce or eliminate the harmful interactions.

General Solution 5: Eliminate, Neutralize or Isolate Harmful Impact Using Another

Figure 7: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 2 The possible specific solution is to change the technological process and its operations keeping the same substances in order to reduce or eliminate the harmful interactions.

The possible specific solution is to create protection for the lateral surfaces of the

General Solution 4 is similar to General Solutions 2 and 3, but instead of substances

The possible specific solution is to create protection for the lateral surfaces of the

General Solution 4 is similar to General Solutions 2 and 3, but instead of substances

Changing the existing field while keeping the same substances may be a choice to reduce or removing the harmful impact. The existing field can be increased, decreasing, or

Changing the existing field while keeping the same substances may be a choice to reduce or removing the harmful impact. The existing field can be increased, decreasing, or

General Solution 4: Change Existing Field to Reduce or Eliminate Harmful Impact

General Solution 4: Change Existing Field to Reduce or Eliminate Harmful Impact

workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

completely removed and replaced by another one. Figure 7 shows the general solution.

completely removed and replaced by another one. Figure 7 shows the general solution.

The physical and/or chemical characteristics of substance S1 may be altered internally or externally, so that it becomes less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact, as seen in Figure 4. The modification may be either temporary or permanent. Additives may be needed in the modification. General Solution 3 is similar to General Solution 2, but instead of substance S2 modification, the substance S1 is modified. The characteristics (physical, chemical and/or other) of substance S1 are changed in order to become it less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact. The changes can be internal and/or external, can be temporary or permanent. The physical and/or chemical characteristics of substance S1 may be altered internally or

Figure 6 shows the general solution. externally, so that it becomes less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact, as seen in Figure 4. The modification may be either temporary or permanent. Additives may be needed

in the modification.

**Figure 6.** General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 2

Figure 6 shows the general solution.

The possible specific solution is to create protection for the lateral surfaces of the workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

General Solution 4: Change Existing Field to Reduce or Eliminate Harmful Impact

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

General Solution 4 is similar to General Solutions 2 and 3, but instead of substances modifi‐ cation, the field F is modified.

Changing the existing field while keeping the same substances may be a choice to reduce or removing the harmful impact. The existing field can be increased, decreasing, or completely removed and replaced by another one.

Figure 7 shows the general solution.

The possible specific solution is to change the technological process and its operations keeping the same substances in order to reduce or eliminate the harmful interactions.

General Solution 5: Eliminate, Neutralize or Isolate Harmful Impact Using Another Counter‐ active Field Fx

S2 S1

F

Changing the existing field while keeping the same substances may be a choice to reduce or removing the harmful impact. The existing field can be increased, decreasing, or

The possible specific solution is to create protection for the lateral surfaces of the

General Solution 4 is similar to General Solutions 2 and 3, but instead of substances

The possible specific solution is to create protection for the lateral surfaces of the

General Solution 4: Change Existing Field to Reduce or Eliminate Harmful Impact

General Solution 4: Change Existing Field to Reduce or Eliminate Harmful Impact

workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

Figure 7: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 2 The possible specific solution is to change the technological process and its operations **Figure 7.** General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 2

modification, the field F is modified.

Figure 7 shows the general solution.

modification, the field F is modified.

The possible specific solution is to use another machine-tool fixture system or to modify the actual fixture in order to eliminate or reduce damages at the lateral surfaces of the workpiece.

Figure 4: Problematic Situation 2 - harmful interactions between the substances The Substance-Field Model is complete however the interaction between the substances is harmful. The problem corresponds to Problematic Situation 2 and can be solved resorting

S2 S1

F

General Solution 3 is similar to General Solution 2, but instead of substance S2 modification, the substance S1 is modified. The characteristics (physical, chemical and/or other) of substance S1 are changed in order to become it less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact. The

Figure 5: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 2 The possible specific solution is to use another machine-tool fixture system or to modify the actual fixture in order to eliminate or reduce damages at the lateral surfaces of the

The physical and/or chemical characteristics of substance S1 may be altered internally or externally, so that it becomes less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact, as seen in Figure 4. The modification may be either temporary or permanent. Additives may be needed in the

The physical and/or chemical characteristics of substance S1 may be altered internally or externally, so that it becomes less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact, as seen in Figure 4. The modification may be either temporary or permanent. Additives may be needed

Figure 6: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 2

The possible specific solution is to create protection for the lateral surfaces of the workpiece.

General Solution 4 is similar to General Solutions 2 and 3, but instead of substances modifi‐

Changing the existing field while keeping the same substances may be a choice to reduce or removing the harmful impact. The existing field can be increased, decreasing, or completely

The possible specific solution is to change the technological process and its operations keeping

General Solution 5: Eliminate, Neutralize or Isolate Harmful Impact Using Another Counter‐

the same substances in order to reduce or eliminate the harmful interactions.

General Solution 4: Change Existing Field to Reduce or Eliminate Harmful Impact

S2 S'1

F

S´2 S1

F

General Solution 3 is similar to General Solution 2, but instead of substance S2 modification, the substance S1 is modified. The characteristics (physical, chemical and/or other) of substance S1 are changed in order to become it less sensitive or insensitive to a harmful impact. The changes can be internal and/or external, can be temporary or

General Solution 3: Modify S1 to be Insensitive or Less Sensitive to Harmful Impact

General Solution 3: Modify S1 to be Insensitive or Less Sensitive to Harmful Impact

changes can be internal and/or external, can be temporary or permanent.

workpiece. Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

S2 S1

F

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

S2 S1

F

Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

Figure 5 shows the general solution.

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

modification.

Figure 6 shows the general solution.

Figure 6 shows the general solution.

**Figure 6.** General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 2

Then the harmful interaction is reduced or eliminated.

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

in the modification.

cation, the field F is modified.

active Field Fx

removed and replaced by another one.

Figure 7 shows the general solution.

permanent.

to General Solution 2.

88 Advances in Industrial Design Engineering

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). The possible specific solution is to change the technological process and its operations General Solution 5: Eliminate, Neutralize or Isolate Harmful Impact Using Another

S2 S1

F

Figure 8 shows the general solution.

General Solution 5 presupposes introduction of a counteractive field FX in order to remove, neutralize or isolate the harmful impact. The substances S2 and S1 and the field F will not change its characteristics in this solution. keeping the same substances in order to reduce or eliminate the harmful interactions. General Solution 5: Eliminate, Neutralize or Isolate Harmful Impact Using Another Counteractive Field Fx The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). Counteractive Field Fx The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). General Solution 5 presupposes introduction of a counteractive field FX in order to remove, neutralize or isolate the harmful impact. The substances S2 and S1 and the field F will not change its characteristics in this solution.

keeping the same substances in order to reduce or eliminate the harmful interactions.

General Solution 5 presupposes introduction of a counteractive field FX in order to

Figure 8 shows the general solution. remove, neutralize or isolate the harmful impact. The substances S2 and S1 and the field F will not change its characteristics in this solution. Figure 8 shows the general solution.

For example, a technological operation is creating significant superficial tensions in **Figure 8.** General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 2 treatment) in order to reduce the superficial tensions.

treatment) in order to reduce the superficial tensions. General Solution 6: Introduce a Positive Field The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). General Solution 6 is very similar to General Solution 5. For example, a technological operation is creating significant superficial tensions in workpie‐ ces. The possible specific solution is to introduce a tempering operation (heat treatment) in order to reduce the superficial tensions. General Solution 6: Introduce a Positive Field The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). General Solution 6 is very similar to General Solution 5.

workpieces. The possible specific solution is to introduce a tempering operation (heat

workpieces. The possible specific solution is to introduce a tempering operation (heat

General Solution 6: Introduce a Positive Field

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

General Solution 6 is very similar to General Solution 5.

Another field is added to work with the current field in order to increase the useful effect and reduce the negative effect of the existing system keeping all elements without change.

Figure 9 shows the general solution.

For example, Lean Philosophy is a systematized approach for continual improvement. The possible specific solution is to introduce another positive field, TRIZ techniques, so the useful effect of Lean is increases and negative effects in existing system are reduced.

General Solution 7: Expand Existing Substance-Field Model to a Chain

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

Another field is added to work with the current field in order to increase the useful effect and reduce the negative effect of the existing system keeping all elements without change.

and reduce the negative effect of the existing system keeping all elements without change.

For example, Lean Philosophy is a systematized approach for continual improvement. For example, Lean Philosophy is a systematized approach for continual improvement. **Figure 9.** General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 2

Figure 9 shows the general solution.

Figure 9 shows the general solution.

The existing Substance-Field Model can be expanded to a chain by introducing a new substance S3 to the system. Instead of directly acting upon S1, S2 will interact indirectly with S1 via another medium, substance S3. The possible specific solution is to introduce another positive field, TRIZ techniques, so the useful effect of Lean is increases and negative effects in existing system are reduced. General Solution 7: Expand Existing Substance-Field Model to a Chain The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). useful effect of Lean is increases and negative effects in existing system are reduced. General Solution 7: Expand Existing Substance-Field Model to a Chain The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4). The existing Substance-Field Model can be expanded to a chain by introducing a new

The possible specific solution is to introduce another positive field, TRIZ techniques, so the

Figure 9: General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 2

S 2

**Figure 12.** General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

**Figure 13.** General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3

**Figure 14.** General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3

**Figure 15.** General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 3

S1

Figure 11: Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the substances The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the

C

S2 S1

C

Figure 12: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 11: Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the substances The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the

S2 S1

Figure 11: Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the substances The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the

C

S2 S1

Figure 13: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 12: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 12: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 14: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 13: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 14: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 14: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 13: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3

S1 S2

F

S2 S1

F

S2 S1

S1 S2

F

S1 S2

F

S2 S1

S2 S1

F

S2 S1

F

F

F

S2 S1

S2 S1

F

S2 S1

F

Problematic Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions.

F

S2 S1

Problematic Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions.

S´2 S1

F

S1 S2

Fx

F

S2 S1

S1 S2

Fx

F

S1 S2

Fx

F

S2 S1

F´

S2 S1

S2 S'1

F

F´

S2 S'1

F´

F

S´2 S1

S2 S'1

F

S´2 S1

F

F

S´2 S1

F

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F

Problematic Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions.

F

Figure 9: General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 2

Figure 10 shows the general solution. The existing Substance-Field Model can be expanded to a chain by introducing a new substance S3 to the system. Instead of directly acting upon S1, S2 will interact indirectly with substance S3 to the system. Instead of directly acting upon S1, S2 will interact indirectly with S1 via another medium, substance S3.

S1 via another medium, substance S3. Figure 10 shows the general solution.

Figure 10 shows the general solution.

For example, it is difficult for a design team to obtain direct customer feedback about new **Figure 10.** General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 2 For example, it is difficult for a design team to obtain direct customer feedback about new

3 (insufficient or inefficient impact) can occur.

and sales staff. Beyond the Problematic Situation 1 (incomplete model) and the Problematic Situation 2 (harmful or undesirable interactions between the substances), also the Problematic Situation For example, it is difficult for a design team to obtain direct customer feedback about new product. The possible specific solution is to obtain customer feedback through the marketing and sales staff. and sales staff. Beyond the Problematic Situation 1 (incomplete model) and the Problematic Situation 2 (harmful or undesirable interactions between the substances), also the Problematic Situation 3 (insufficient or inefficient impact) can occur.

product. The possible specific solution is to obtain customer feedback through the marketing

product. The possible specific solution is to obtain customer feedback through the marketing

Figure 11 shows the Problematic Situation 3. Beyond the Problematic Situation 1 (incomplete model) and the Problematic Situation 2 (harmful or undesirable interactions between the substances), also the Problematic Situation 3 (insufficient or inefficient impact) can occur. Figure 11 shows the Problematic Situation 3.

Figure 11 shows the Problematic Situation 3.

Figure 11: Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the

substances **Figure 11.** Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the substances

The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the Problematic Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions. F F The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the Problematic Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions.

Figure 12: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 13: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 14: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3

S1 S2

Fx

F

S2 S1

F´

S2 S'1

F

S´2 S1

S1 S2

F

S2 S1

F

S2 S1

F

S2 S1

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substances

S2 S1

C

**Figure 12.** General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3 The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the

The existing Substance-Field Model can be expanded to a chain by introducing a new substance S3 to the system. Instead of directly acting upon S1, S2 will interact indirectly with S1 via

The existing Substance-Field Model can be expanded to a chain by introducing a new substance S3 to the system. Instead of directly acting upon S1, S2 will interact indirectly with

The existing Substance-Field Model can be expanded to a chain by introducing a new substance S3 to the system. Instead of directly acting upon S1, S2 will interact indirectly with

Figure 10: General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 2 For example, it is difficult for a design team to obtain direct customer feedback about new product. The possible specific solution is to obtain customer feedback through the marketing

Figure 10: General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 2 For example, it is difficult for a design team to obtain direct customer feedback about new product. The possible specific solution is to obtain customer feedback through the marketing

S1 S2 S3

S1 S2

S1 S2 S3

S1 S2

F F1 F2

F F1 F2

Beyond the Problematic Situation 1 (incomplete model) and the Problematic Situation 2 (harmful or undesirable interactions between the substances), also the Problematic Situation

Beyond the Problematic Situation 1 (incomplete model) and the Problematic Situation 2 (harmful or undesirable interactions between the substances), also the Problematic Situation

> Figure 11: Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the substances The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the

The general solutions used for the Problematic Situation 2 can be used for the Problematic

S2 S1

C

Figure 12: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 13: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 14: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3

S1 S2

Fx

F

S2 S1

F´

S2 S'1

F

S´2 S1

F

S1 S2

F

S2 S1

F

S2 S1

F

S2 S1

Problematic Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions.

**Figure 11.** Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the substances

F

Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions.

For example, it is difficult for a design team to obtain direct customer feedback about new product. The possible specific solution is to obtain customer feedback through the marketing

Beyond the Problematic Situation 1 (incomplete model) and the Problematic Situation 2 (harmful or undesirable interactions between the substances), also the Problematic Situation

General Solution 7: Expand Existing Substance-Field Model to a Chain

General Solution 7: Expand Existing Substance-Field Model to a Chain

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

The problematic situation is the same (see Figure 4).

S1 S2

S1 S2

F

F

Figure 9: General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 2 For example, Lean Philosophy is a systematized approach for continual improvement. The possible specific solution is to introduce another positive field, TRIZ techniques, so the useful effect of Lean is increases and negative effects in existing system are reduced.

Figure 9: General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 2 For example, Lean Philosophy is a systematized approach for continual improvement. The possible specific solution is to introduce another positive field, TRIZ techniques, so the useful effect of Lean is increases and negative effects in existing system are reduced.

S1 S2

S1 S2

Fx +

Fx +

F

F

Another field is added to work with the current field in order to increase the useful effect and reduce the negative effect of the existing system keeping all elements without change.

Another field is added to work with the current field in order to increase the useful effect and reduce the negative effect of the existing system keeping all elements without change.

another medium, substance S3.

90 Advances in Industrial Design Engineering

and sales staff.

and sales staff.

and sales staff.

Figure 10 shows the general solution.

S1 via another medium, substance S3. Figure 10 shows the general solution.

S1 via another medium, substance S3. Figure 10 shows the general solution.

**Figure 9.** General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 2

**Figure 10.** General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 2

3 (insufficient or inefficient impact) can occur.

Figure 11 shows the Problematic Situation 3.

3 (insufficient or inefficient impact) can occur. Figure 11 shows the Problematic Situation 3.

3 (insufficient or inefficient impact) can occur. Figure 11 shows the Problematic Situation 3.

Figure 9 shows the general solution.

Figure 9 shows the general solution.

Figure 12: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 11: Problematic Situation 3 - insufficient or inefficient impact between the substances

S2 S1

F **Figure 13.** General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3 Figure 12: General Solution 2 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 13: General Solution 3 for Problematic Situation 3

S1 S2

S2 S1

S2 S'1

F

F´

F

S´2 S1

S´2 S1

F

Fx

F

S2 S1

F **Figure 14.** General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3 S2 S1

S1 S2

S2 S1

S2 S1

F

F

S2 S1

S2 S1

F

Problematic Situation 3. Figures 12-17 show the general solutions.

Figure 14: General Solution 4 for Problematic Situation 3

**Figure 15.** General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 15: General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 3

F F1 F2 **Figure 16.** General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 3 S1 S2

S1 S2

Figure 16: General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 3

S2 S3

S1 S2

**Parameter** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

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1. Volume + - - - 2. Weight + - - -

5. Time required to boil water - - + - + 6. Tank capacity - - + + + + 7. Burning time at maximum flame - - - - - 8. Boiled water per unit of gas - - + + -

The Ideality Matrix helps identify the interactions between the technical requirements and distinguish the positive and negative effects of iterations. For example, weight reduction can

Ideality = Number of Useful Functions / Number of Harmful Functions (1)

To increase the level of ideality it is necessary to move to the next phase, phase of solution of

The AJC company runs its activity, since 1953, based on manufacturing medical and hospital material, being the main activity the conception, manufacture and assemblage of washer disinfectors of bed-pan and stainless steel utensils, vertical and horizontal steam sterilizers

The sterilization services implement in hospitals new philosophy which encompasses the traceability of equipment to use in the sterilization station, sterilized material, sterilization processes and handling operations with sterilized material and with material to be sterilized. The new sterilization philosophy leads to improvement of sterilizer capacity and sterilizer

lead to reduction in volume, but may lead to reduction of the tank capacity.

**5. Application of ARIZ to a sterilizer case study**

Based on the Ideality Matrix, the level of ideality can be calculated as follows [10]:

3. Firing time +

4. Noise level


**Table 4.** Ideality Matrix

I= 11 / 30 ≈ 0,367

contradictions.

and steam generators.

In this case, the level of ideality is:

Fx +

S1

 Noise level; Time required to boil water; Tank capacity; **Ideality and Application of Ideality Matrix to a Camping Stove Case Study**  Consider the case of a camping stove design. **Figure 17.** General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 3

 Burning time at maximum flame; Boiled water per unit of gas.

 Volume; Weight; Firing time;

yielding the following list: Volume;

Noise level;

#### Table4 contains the Matrix of Ideality built for the camping stove. Weight; Firing time; **4. Ideality and application of ideality matrix to a camping stove case study**

Customer requirements were collected, pooled and prepared by an affinity diagram,

Table 4: Ideality Matrix Parameter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Time required to boil water; Tank capacity; Consider the case of a camping stove design.

4. Noise level

4. Noise level

1. Volume + - - - 2. Weight + - - - 3. Firing time + Burning time at maximum flame; Boiled water per unit of gas. Table4 contains the Matrix of Ideality built for the camping stove. Customer requirements were collected, pooled and prepared by an affinity diagram, yielding the following list:

> 5. Time required to boil water - - + - + 6. Tank capacity - - + + + + 7. Burning time at maximum flame - - - - - 8. Boiled water per unit of gas - - + + -

Table 4: Ideality Matrix

5. Time required to boil water - - + - +

7. Burning time at maximum flame - - - - - 8. Boiled water per unit of gas - - + + -

1. Volume + - - - 2. Weight + - - - 3. Firing time +

Parameter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.


Table4 contains the Matrix of Ideality built for the camping stove.


**Table 4.** Ideality Matrix

Figure 15: General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 16: General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 3

Figure 15: General Solution 5 for Problematic Situation 3

S1 S2

Fx +

F

S1 S2

Fx +

F

F F1 F2

Figure 17: General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 3

F F1 F2

S1 S2

Figure 16: General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 3

S2 S3

Customer requirements were collected, pooled and prepared by an affinity diagram,

S1 S2

S2 S3

Figure 17: General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 3

Customer requirements were collected, pooled and prepared by an affinity diagram,

Table 4: Ideality Matrix

Customer requirements were collected, pooled and prepared by an affinity diagram, yielding

**4. Ideality and application of ideality matrix to a camping stove case study**

5. Time required to boil water - - + - + 6. Tank capacity - - + + + + 7. Burning time at maximum flame - - - - - 8. Boiled water per unit of gas - - + + -

Table 4: Ideality Matrix

5. Time required to boil water - - + - + 6. Tank capacity - - + + + + 7. Burning time at maximum flame - - - - - 8. Boiled water per unit of gas - - + + -

1. Volume + - - - 2. Weight + - - - 3. Firing time +

1. Volume + - - - 2. Weight + - - - 3. Firing time +

Parameter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Parameter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

**Ideality and Application of Ideality Matrix to a Camping Stove Case Study** 

**Ideality and Application of Ideality Matrix to a Camping Stove Case Study** 

S1

S1

S1 S2

F

S1 S2

F

Consider the case of a camping stove design.

Time required to boil water;

4. Noise level

4. Noise level

Time required to boil water;

 Burning time at maximum flame; Boiled water per unit of gas.

 Burning time at maximum flame; Boiled water per unit of gas.

Consider the case of a camping stove design.

Table4 contains the Matrix of Ideality built for the camping stove.

Table4 contains the Matrix of Ideality built for the camping stove.

Table4 contains the Matrix of Ideality built for the camping stove.

yielding the following list: Volume; Weight; Firing time; Noise level;

**Figure 16.** General Solution 6 for Problematic Situation 3

92 Advances in Industrial Design Engineering

Tank capacity;

**Figure 17.** General Solution 7 for Problematic Situation 3

Tank capacity;

the following list:

**•** Volume; **•** Weight;

**•** Firing time; **•** Noise level;

**•** Tank capacity;

**•** Time required to boil water;

**•** Boiled water per unit of gas.

**•** Burning time at maximum flame;

Consider the case of a camping stove design.

yielding the following list: Volume; Weight; Firing time; Noise level;

The Ideality Matrix helps identify the interactions between the technical requirements and distinguish the positive and negative effects of iterations. For example, weight reduction can lead to reduction in volume, but may lead to reduction of the tank capacity.

Based on the Ideality Matrix, the level of ideality can be calculated as follows [10]:

Ideality = Number of Useful Functions / Number of Harmful Functions (1)

In this case, the level of ideality is:

I= 11 / 30 ≈ 0,367

To increase the level of ideality it is necessary to move to the next phase, phase of solution of contradictions.
