**2. Materials and methods**

## **2.1. Chemicals**

AFM1 reference standard (from *Aspergillus flavus*) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). AflaM1 TM immunoaffinity columns were obtained from Vicam (Nixa MO, USA). Solvents (HPLC grade) – acetonitrile, methanol, and water – were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

#### **2.2. Milk sample collection and sample preparation**

Raw goat milk samples were collected from private farms, while pasteurized goat milk sam‐ ples were purchased from supermarkets in the central region of Thailand. In Thailand, com‐ mercial pasteurized milk is produced by heat treatment, either at 63 o C for 30 min or at 72 o C for at least 15 s [6]. All milk samples were collected over three years: January–February of the years 2009–2011. Both types of milk samples were frozen at –20 °C until analysis (within one month from the collection date for raw milk, or 2 months from the manufacturing date for pasteurized milk). A total of 90 milk samples were collected and analyzed in this study.
