Contents

#### **Preface XI**



#### **Section 2 Fabrication and Measurements 103**

Chapter 3 **Fabrication of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell with Emitter Diffusion, SiNx Surface Passivation and Screen Printing of Electrode 105**

S. M. Iftiquar, Youngwoo Lee, Minkyu Ju, Nagarajan Balaji, Suresh Kumar Dhungel and Junsin Yi

Chapter 4 **LWIR Photodiodes and Focal Plane Arrays Based on Novel HgCdTe/CdZnTe/GaAs Heterostructures Grown by MBE Technique 133**

V. V. Vasiliev, V. S. Varavin, S. A. Dvoretsky, I. M. Marchishin, N. N. Mikhailov, A. V. Predein, I. V. Sabinina, Yu. G. Sidorov, A. O. Suslyakov and A. L. Aseev

Chapter 5 **Photodiodes as Optical Radiation Measurement Standards 173** Ana Luz Muñoz Zurita, Joaquín Campos Acosta, Alejandro Ferrero Turrión and Alicia Pons Aglio

#### X Contents

#### **Section 3 Device Applications 193**


Preface

This book represents recent progress and development of the photodiodes including the fundamental reviews and the specific applications developed by the authors themselves. The key idea of this book is that it allows authors to deal with a wide range of backgrounds

Most of the material in this book was developed for the researchers in the field of optical or optoelectronic devices and circuits. A substantial proportion of the material is original and has been prepared by the authors of each book chapter specifically for this book. With re‐ spect to the original collection of the book chapters, this book contains several improve‐ ments and several new problems and related solutions are also discussed in the area of fun‐

For editing this book, I have assumed that readers are well acquainted with the basic con‐ cepts of semiconductor physics fundamentals, especially with regard to: physical electron‐ ics; electronic materials; semiconductor processes; semiconductor device engineering; elec‐

The book is intended for at least three kinds of readers: a) graduate students of intermediate and advanced courses in microelectronics or optoelectronics, who are presumed to be most‐ ly interested in photodiode-related applications; b) engineers in the area of optoelectronic devices, who are especially interested in optical sources and optical detectors; c) professio‐ nal researchers of many areas of applications (not restricted to microelectronics or optoelec‐

Section 1 contains the fundamental concepts of photon absorption in photodiodes. In addi‐ tion, the physical design scheme of the high-performance avalanche heterophotodiodes is presented to guide the engineers how to design avalanche heterophotodiodes to optimize

Section 2 contains the fabrication of photodiode-based devices, such as solar cells, photodio‐ des, and focal plane arrays. Especially, the standards of optical radiation measurements us‐

Section 3 describes various types of photodiodes as device applications. It includes the ultraviolet (UV) photodiodes, the infra-red (IR) photodiodes, compound semiconductor photodi‐

damental physics and characteristics, and the device and the circuit applications.

and recent research progresses in photodiode-related areas.

tronic and optoelectronic circuits, etc.

tronics or photonics).

This book consists of 4 sections:

their performances in specific applications.

odes for specific wavelength, and wide bandgap solar cells.

ing photodiodes are also addressed.


Aryan Afzalian and Denis Flandre
