**5. Miltefosine**

Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) is the first and currently the only, orally adminis‐ tered antileishmanial drug (Fig. 2). However, despite cure rates of up to 98% (Roberts, 2006), the drug reveals serious side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and can cause abnormal physiological development of the foetus. Furthermore, the drug has a relatively long halflife of about 150 hours (Seifert et al., 2007; Maltezou, 2010) which could lead to the develop‐ ment of rapid resistance. Related to its structure, the drug possibly interferes with membranes and membrane-linked enzymes. Currently no verified implications of the drug within the redox biology of the parasite have been found (Rakotomanga et al., 2004; Saint-Pierre-Chazalet et al., 2009).
