**Meet the editors**

Stavros Alexandris holds a PhD in Agricultural sciences from the Agricultural University of Athens, Greece. His research interests include evapotranspiration, crop water conservation, techniques and applications in Agrometeorology. He has more than six years of teaching experience and has published a number of scientific and technical papers. Since 1983, he has made an active

contribution in many European research projects (Ecological impact of the air pollution in Attica region, Monitoring of the sea water intrusion in the groundwater aquifers of Argolis Plain, Rational application of irrigation and drainage under Greek conditions, Validity, limits and possible trends of coastal South Mediterranean traditional groundwater irrigated agriculture, MEDEFLU, LOLaqua, DMCSEE, COROADO). He is a member of the Geotechnical Chambers of Greece, Greek Society of Soil Science and Hellenic Meteorological Society. Today, Dr. Alexandris is an Assistant professor in AUA.

Ruzica Sticevic is a full time professor at University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture. Her research interests include evapotranspiration, crop water requirements, water use efficiency, irrigation scheduling, crop growth modeling, drainage. She has more than fifteen years experience of teaching. She has published a number of scienticif papers in peer reviewed scientific journals, symposi-

um, congresses, as well as practicum and textbook for students. Since 1991 she has actively participated in 5 EU projects (JOULE, WATERWEB, CROP-WAT, LOLAqua, EURO-AGRIWAT), one bilateral and 7 national scientific projects, regarding the irrigation scheduling, water savings, water quality and soil and water management. She is a member of International Society on Horticultural Science, and Serbian Society of Soil Science.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Jozsef Szilagyi

**Water Use 79**

**Regional Scale 127** Tadanobu Nakayama

**with Varying Land Use 1**

**Mapping (CREMAP) Method 23**

**Asian Monsoon Region 61** Hanbo Yang and Dawen Yang

Chapter 1 **Water Balance Estimates of Evapotranspiration Rates in Areas**

Elizabeth A. Hasenmueller and Robert E. Criss

Chapter 2 **Recent Updates of the Calibration-Free Evapotranspiration**

Chapter 3 **Quantifying the Evapotranspiration Component of the Water Balance of Atlantis Sand Plain Fynbos (South Africa) 39**

**Relationship Between Actual and Potential Evaporations in the**

Baburao Kamble, Ayse Irmak, Derrel L. Martin, Kenneth G. Hubbard, Ian Ratcliffe, Gary Hergert, Sunil Narumalani and Robert J. Oglesby

Nebo Jovanovic, Richard Bugan and Sumaya Israel

Chapter 4 **Seasonal and Regional Variability of the Complementary**

Chapter 5 **Satellite-Based Energy Balance Approach to Assess Riparian**

Chapter 6 **Influence of Vegetation Cover on Regional Evapotranspiration in Semi-Arid Watersheds in Northwest China 97**

Chapter 7 **Effect of Evapotranspiration on Hydrothermal Changes in**

Mir A. Matin and Charles P.-A. Bourque

## Contents

### **Preface XI**


Chapter 8 **A Parametric Model for Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation Based on a Simplified Formulation of the Penman-Monteith Equation 143** Aristoteles Tegos, Andreas Efstratiadis and Demetris Koutsoyiannis Chapter 9 **Data Driven Techniques and Wavelet Analysis for the Modeling and Analysis of Actual Evapotranspiration 167** Zohreh Izadifar and Amin Elshorbagy Chapter 10 **Influence of Soil Physical Properties and Terrain Relief on Actual Evapotranspiration in the Catchment with Prevailing Arable Land Determined by Energy Balance and Bowen Ratio 207** Renata Duffková Chapter 11 **Uncertainty Evaluation of Water Budget Model Parameters for Different Environmental Conditions 227** Zoubeida Kebaili Bargaoui, Ahmed Houcine and Asma Foughali

Preface

Evapotranspiration has been the subject of thousands of research articles during the last cen‐ tury. It is a complicated subject, involving a number of interrelated procedures and stand‐ ard, engaging a complex set of processes, which themselves are influenced by many factors dependent on local or global spatial scales of natural regimes. Maxwell in 1965 estimated that about ten trillion cubic meters of water per day returned to the atmosphere by evapora‐

Despite the large number of scientific works worldwide on evapotranspiration, the phase transition of water into the biosphere is still an important area of investigation for the Geo‐ sciences. This book is designed to further enhance presenting recent investigations of many scientists on evapotranspiration modeling around the world. Thus, the objective of this book is to provide timely and comprehensive coverage of the principles, modeling and methods of measuring evapotranspiration from a single typical experimental site to large study areas,

The collective effort that solidified in this book, is only a minor part of the long line of hard research work that devoted scientists have contributed to the investigation of physical reali‐ ty, to the never-ending struggle of man to unravel the unknown through logic and reason. Can this quest end? "…Evaporation is the most desperate branch of the desperate science of

The first chapters refer to the more general subjects and are followed by chapters with a more specific focus. Each chapter, however, was individually considered within this context. The topics describe the latest research on ET estimation. The Bowen Ratio (BR) method, the complementary relation method (CR), the Penman Montieth (PM) method for estimating reference evapotranspiration, other simplified methods such as the Priestley Taylor method, or novel approaches on the simplification of the PM method with more emphasis on the empirical approach are all illustrated in the chapters of the book, in the framework of projects which include basins, rivers, or the laboratory setting of an experiment in a control‐

These methods are a part of, or used in conjunction with models like NICE (National Inte‐ grated Catchment-based Eco-hydrology), WREVAP which is based on the CR method, HYDRUS2 which elaborates on the movement of water in the ground, an arithmetic solution of the Richards equation, as well as models that use satellite data or even models that utilize

An equally wide range can be seen in the types of input data for the methods and the mod‐

tion and transpiration from the surface of the United States.

into natural and rural ecosystems.

led environment.

els used.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).

Meteorology…", Symons said as early as 1867.

