**1. Introduction**

It is well known that optoelectronics, telecommunication systems, aerospace, and correction of amplitude-phase aberration schemes, as well as laser, display, solar energy, gas storage and biomedicine techniques are searching for the new optical materials and for the new methods to optimize their properties. So many scientific and research groups are involving in this process and are opening the wide aspects of different applications of new materials, especially optical ones. It has been going on last century that simple manufacturing, design, ecology points of view, etc. indicate good advantage of the nanostructured materials with improved photorefractive parameters among other organic and inorganic systems.

Really, it should be tell that photorefractive properties change is correlated with the spectral, photoconductive and dynamics ones. The change in nonlinear refraction and cubic nonli‐ nearity reveals the modification of barrier free electron pathway and dipole polarizability. From one side it is connected with the change of the dipole moment and the charge carrier mobility, from other side, it is regarded to the change of absorption cross section. Thus, this feature shows the unique place of photorefractive characteristics among other ones in order to characterize the spectral, photoconductive, photorefractive and dynamic properties of the optical materials.

It should be mentioned that promising nanoobjects, such as the fullerenes, the carbon nano‐ tubes (CNTs), the quantum dots (QDs), the shungites, and the graphenes permit to found different area of applications of these nanoobjects [1-6]. The main reason to use the fuller‐ enes, shungites, and quantum dots is connected with their unique energy levels and high value of electron affinity energy. The basic features of carbon nanotubes and graphenes are

© 2013 Kamanina; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2013 Kamanina; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

regarded to their high conductivity, strong hardness of their C-C bonds as well as compli‐ cated and unique mechanisms of charge carrier moving.

id films have been deposited on the substrate with ITO contact. For the electric measurements of volt-ampere parameters, gold contact has been put to the solid thin films upper side. The picture which can interpret the placement of the conducting contacts on the

Carbon Nanotubes Influence on Spectral, Photoconductive, Photorefractive and Dynamic Properties of the Optical

Materials

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50843

The bias voltage applied to the photosensitive polymer layers has been varied from 0 to 50 V. The current–voltage characteristics have been measured under the illumination condi‐ tions from dark to light. Voltmeter-electrometer В7—30 and Characteriscope—Z*,* type

The photorefractive characteristics have been studied using four-wave mixing technique

1 2 3 4 5

**Figure 3.** An experimental scheme: 1 – Nd-laser; 2 – second harmonic convertor; 3 – telescope; 4 – diaphragm; 5 –


rotating mirror; 6 – beam-splitting mirror; 7 – prism; 8 – sample; 9 – lens; 10 - photodetector.

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6

solid conjugated organic thin films is shown in Fig.2.

**Figure 2.** Interpretation of the solid thin films with the conducting layers

TR-4805 has been used for these photoconductive experiments.

analogous to paper [7]. The experimental scheme is shown in Fig.3.

These peculiarities of carbon nanoobjects and their possible optoelectronics, solar energy, gas storage, medicine, display and biology applications connecting with dramatic improve‐ ment of photorefractive, spectral, photoconductive and dynamic parameters will be under consideration in this paper. In comparison with other effective nanoobjects the mail accent will be given namely on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their unique features to modify the properties of the optical materials.
