Preface

Chapter 8 **A Model for Dynamic Optimization of Pitch-Regulated Wind**

Chapter 9 **Comparative Analysis of DFIG Based Wind Farms Control Mode**

Rafael Rorato Londero, João Paulo A. Vieira and Carolina de M.

Sergio Martin-Martínez, Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro, Angel Molina-García, Eduard Muljadi and Michael

Mostafa Abarzadeh, Hossein Madadi Kojabadi and Liuchen Chang

Chapter 13 **Power Electronics in Small Scale Wind Turbine Systems 305**

Chapter 14 **Advanced Wind Generator Controls: Meeting the Evolving Grid**

**Turbines with Application 205**

**on Long-Term Voltage Stability 225**

**Magnetic Speed Multiplier 247**

Chapter 11 **Low Speed Wind Turbine Design 267** Horizon Gitano-Briggs

Chapter 10 **Design of a Mean Power Wind Conversion Chain with a**

Daniel Matt, Julien Jac and Nicolas Ziegler

Chapter 12 **Wind Power Variability and Singular Events 285**

**Interconnection Requirements 337**

Samer El Itani and Géza Joós

Karam Y. Maalawi

Affonso

**VI** Contents

Milligan

Today's wind energy industry is at a crossroads. Global economic instability has threatened or eliminated many financial incentives that have been important to the development of specific markets. Such economic sponsorship of energy generation is not unique to renewables; fossil based sources are also subsidized in many different countries. However, for a technology like wind energy whose markets are still developing, incentives can be critical for industry growth. Industry proponents have decreed that long-term energy policy that survives financial swings and changes in government is what is needed to provide the stability that market investors seek. While this may be the case, in the mean time, the pressure is on wind industry designers, manufacturers, and operators to seek the most effectual measures for wind power production.

Like the wind itself, the industry operates on large and small scales. While large commercial wind has traditionally received the most coverage in the literature and the media, small wind has recently established itself as a major player in distributed energy systems. This will become increasingly important as micro grids rapidly find their place in both the developed and developing worlds. In urban and isolated rural settings, small wind is growing rapidly. It is important to emphasize this multi-scale resilience that wind generation provides as an energy solution. The broad range of scales within wind energy is only surpassed by the expansive scope of technologies that cover the spectrum from resource assessment to grid integration. Specialized sub-topics continue to emerge that provide focus for improving critical links in the wind chain. This sort of specificity can be vital for isolating technical elements from the complexity of interconnected wind energy systems. A brief list of emerging specific interest fields include aerodynamic interaction of wind turbine groups, computational modeling of complex composite blades, magnetic speed multiplying converters, generator controls optimized for small wind, disturbance tolerant generators, micro and smart grid integration.

This text details topics fundamental to the efficient operation of modern commercial farms and highlights advanced research that will enable next-generation wind energy technologies. The book is organized into three sections, Inflow and Wake Influences on Turbine Performance, Turbine Structural Response, and Power Conversion, Control and Integration. In addition to fundamental concepts, the reader will be exposed to comprehensive treatments of topics like wake dynamics, analysis of complex turbine blades, and power electronics in small-scale wind turbine systems.

> **Dr. Rupp Carriveau** Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Windsor, Canada

**Inflow and Wake Influences on Turbine Performance**
