**1.10. Chapter summary**

*1.9.3. Grid connection testing*

360 Advances in Wind Power

ments of the grid operator

behavior to the field measurements.

Power Curve

Noise Level

Harmonics Emissions

Voltage / Frequency Ranges

Load Calculations

some grid operators. These tests are performed in order to:

Passing the field validation tests is a prerequisite for the permission of interconnection of

**•** Demonstrate that the overall wind plant and its constituting elements, including the WTGs, compensating equipment, and substation transformer meet the technical require‐

**•** Validate the simulation models and the associated parameters by comparing the model

Figure 19 shows the main areas of wind power plant and wind turbine testing. Type tests are tests of representative equipment performed by the manufacturer in the presence of third party certifiers. The intent is to demonstrate that a particular equipment design exhib‐ its specific performance that can be generalized to all other equipment of that same design [33]. These include validations of the power performance, load calculations, noise levels, and voltage/frequency operation ranges. Long-term harmonic measurements are also per‐ formed to establish the harmonic emission spectrum. These measurements are generally re‐ peated for each wind plant at the POI to account for the emissions of auxiliary equipment

Wind Generator Testing Wind Plant Testing

LVRT

Frequency Control

Voltage Flicker

Active Power Control

Frequency Control

Reactive Power / Voltage Control

> Harmonics Emissions

Ramp Rate Control

Type Tests Field Tests

**Figure 19.** Grid connection tests of wind plants and wind turbine generators.

Grid Connection Testing

and the amplifications caused by the collector system and the grid itself.

As grid operators worldwide continue to face a rapid growth of the installed capacity of wind power, the following key items should be observed in order to be able to accommodate high pen‐ etration levels while maintaining the same level of operational security and reliability:

