**Author details**

detailed Simulink modeling both show that an energy gain occurs for all wind speeds with motor starting. Moreover, the turbine can contribute energy to the grid at wind speeds be‐ low the conventional cut-in speed if motoring is employed. This strongly suggests that mo‐ tor-starting should be investigated for more typical wind speed variations. The results suggest a good practical strategy is to motor the turbine to 60% of rated rotor speed when

This research was funded by the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and the ENMAX Corporation under the Industrial Research Chairs programme. Important additional support came from he Schulich endowment to the University of Calgary and the Egyptian Higher Ministry of Education. We thank Heath Raftery for the data in Figure 3.

**Grid Parameters**

**5.6 kW PMSG Parameters [12]**

**5.6 kW Wind Turbine Parameters [10]**

Phase Voltage (rms) 220 (V) Frequency 60 (Hz)

Rated phase voltage (rms) 165 (V) Phase current (rms) 12 (A) Rated frequency 36 (Hz) Rated torque 204.2 (Nm) Rated speed 270 (rpm) *Ld*, *Lq* 0.02047(mH) *Rs* 1.5 (ohm) Magnet flux 0.97 (wb) pole pairs 8

inertia 0.138 (Kgm2)

Rotor diameter, *R* 5 (m)

the average wind speed is in the range of 4 to 7 m/s [26].

Appendix – Parameter Values used in Simulations

**Acknowledgements**

172 Advances in Wind Power

**Appendices**

Mohamed Aner1 , Edwin Nowicki1 and David Wood2\*

\*Address all correspondence to: dhwood@ucalgary.ca

1 Dept Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canada

2 Dept Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
