**Author details**

*u* \* (*ei* , *zj*

74 Practical Concepts of Quality Control

5. The conditional probability Pr{*z* = *zj* |*e* =*ei*

conditional expected value of function *u* \* (*ei*

7. Now the minimum of the values *u* \*(*ei*

*u* \* =min*<sup>e</sup> u* \* (*ei*

*u* \*(*ei*

)=∑ *j*=0 *i*

{*u* \* (*ei* , *zj*

following equation.

optimal sample size.

**7. Conclusion**

, *ak* )=∑ *l*=1 *m*

(*u* \* (*ei* , *zj*

the choice of decision (accepting or rejecting) can be determined by

*u* \* (*ei* , *zj* , *ak* , *p*1)Pr{*p* = *p*<sup>1</sup> | *z* = *zj*

} is determined using Eq. (56).

4. Since the objective is to minimize the expected cost, the cost of having history (*e*, *z*) and

*u* \* (*ei* , *zj*

6. The costs of various possible experiments are random because the outcome *z*is a ran‐ dom variable. Defining a probability distribution function over the results of experiments and taking expected values, we can determine the expected cost of each experiment. The

)= min*<sup>e</sup> Ez*<sup>|</sup>*<sup>e</sup>* min*<sup>a</sup> Ep*<sup>|</sup>*zu*(*ei*

Acceptance sampling plans have been widely used in industry to determine whether a spe‐ cific batch of manufactured or purchased items satisfy a pre-specified quality. In this chap‐ ter, new models for determining optimal acceptance sampling plans have been presented. The relationship between the cost model and a decision theory model with probabilistic util‐ ities has been investigated. However, the acceptance sampling plan, which are derived from the optimization of these models, may differ substantially from the plans that other econom‐ ic approaches suggest but optimization of these models are simple and efficient, with negli‐ gible computational requirements. In next sections, a new methodology based on Markov chain was developed to design proper lot acceptance sampling plans. In the proposed proce‐ dure, the sum of two successive numbers of nonconforming items was monitored using two lower and upper thresholds, where the proper values of these thresholds could be deter‐ mined numerically using a Markovian approach based on the two points on OC curve. In last section, based on the Bayesian modelling and the backwards induction method of the decision-tree approach, a sampling plan is developed to deal with the lot-sentencing prob‐ lem; aiming to determine an optimal sample size to provide desired levels of protection for customers as well as manufacturers. A logical analysis of the choices between accepting and

, *zj*

)Pr{*z* = *zj* |*e* =*ei*

)=min*ak*

, *e* =*ei*

, *ak* ) (59)

) on the variable *zj* is determined by the

) would be the optimal decision, which leads to an

, *zj*

}} (60)

, *ak* , *p*1) (61)

}) (58)

Mohammad Saber Fallah Nezhad\*

Address all correspondence to: Fallahnezhad@yazduni.ac.ir

Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering, Yazd University, Iran

## **References**


[10] Nair, V. N., Tang, B., & Xu, L. (2001). Bayesian inference for some mixture problems in quality and reliability. *Journal of Quality Technology*, 33-16.

**Section 2**

**Total Quality Management**

[11] Mazzuchi, T. A., & Soyer, R. (1996). Adaptive Bayesian replacement strategies. Pro‐ ceedings of the Fifth Valencia International Meeting on Bayesian Statistics(J.M. Ber‐ nardo, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid, and A. F. M. Smith, eds.)Elsevier , 667-674.

**Total Quality Management**

[10] Nair, V. N., Tang, B., & Xu, L. (2001). Bayesian inference for some mixture problems

[11] Mazzuchi, T. A., & Soyer, R. (1996). Adaptive Bayesian replacement strategies. Pro‐

nardo, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid, and A. F. M. Smith, eds.)Elsevier , 667-674.

ceedings of the Fifth Valencia International Meeting on Bayesian Statistics(J.M. Ber‐

in quality and reliability. *Journal of Quality Technology*, 33-16.

76 Practical Concepts of Quality Control

**Chapter 4**

**Accreditation of Biomedical Calibration Measurements**

Biomedical calibration measurement is the measurement of the accuracy of the medical de‐ vice or the medical system by using the standard measurement system whose accuracy is known, and is the determination and the record of the deviations. In shortly, by the biomed‐ ical calibration measurements, it is established whether the medical devices are appropriate to the international standards or not, and the problems are also determined if the device is

Biomedical calibration measurement is different from other industrial calibration studies. Measurements are generally performed where the medical device that will be tested, is used in hospital. Only some medical devices, for example pipettes, thermometers are tested in

Accreditation is the appraising of a measurement service in according to the international technical criterias, is the acception of its qualification and the controlling of it regularly. For an enterprise, being accredited is a reputable status. It shows that the enterprise has a quality management system and performs the requirements of the implemented stand‐ ards. The enterprices are periodically recontrolled by an accreditation agency to protect the status and to continue fulfilling of the requirements of the business standards. The controls create the most important quality assurance of the businesses that take service

In many countries, from Brazilia to China, there are accreditation studies (Boldyrev et al., 2004; Boschung et al., 2001; Iglicki et al., 2006; Kartha et al., 2003; Alexander et al., 2008; Goff et al., 2009; McGrowder et al., 2010). In Turkey, the studies of accreditation is controlled by Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK). If the list of the accredited laboratory is investi‐

> © 2012 Sezdi; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

© 2012 Sezdi; licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**in Turkey**

Mana Sezdi

**1. Introduction**

laboratory environment.

from these laboratories.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51075

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

not adequate to the international standards (Sezdi, 2012).
