**Acknowledgements**

The material in this chapter represents the accumulated effort of the author with others involved in the cited bridge seismic vulnerability studies. These include Dr. Robert Hackett, former chair of the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Mississippi, and Mr. Charles Swann, now Associate Director of the Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute. I would also like to thank the many graduate research assistants in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Mississippi under my advisement who contributed to these studies and used them as the basis of master's theses and a doctoral dissertation. The academic works are cited separately in the relevant references given. Lastly, the financial support of the Depart‐ ment of Civil Engineering is appreciated as is that of the various sponsors of the cited studies. Sources of the latter include two FEMA mitigation grants administered by the Mitigation Bureau of the Mississippi Emergency Management Agency and a federal grant administered by the Research and Bridge Divisions of the Mississippi Department of Transportation. The specific sponsored project and grant details are described in more detail in the relevant references given.

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