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**Biomaterials and Prosthetic Devices** 

[46] Parfitt A.M, Mathews C.H, Villanueva A.R, Kleerekoper M, Frame B, Rao D.S (1983) Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 72(4):1396.

**Biomaterials and Prosthetic Devices** 

26 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH

[45] Fang Q, Boas D.A (2009) Tetrahedral mesh generation from volumetric binary and grayscale images. Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, 2009. ISBI'09. IEEE

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International Symposium on. 1142-1145.

bone loss. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 72(4):1396.

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**Chapter 7** 

© 2012 Rosa et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Rosa et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Prosthesis for Flow Control in the Esophagus as** 

**a New Technique for the Treatment of Obesity** 

Obesity is becoming increasingly common, with at least 400 million obese adults worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) projecting that this statistic will reach 700 million in another five years [1]. The body, which is altered by excessive weight, has its biological process modified. This results in several diseases. Different diseases such as heart disease and strokes, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, cancer, asthma, sleep apnea,

According to a recent survey by the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) obesity in Brazil has increased, on average, 240% over the past 20 years. Today, methods of treatment for obesity are: a) diets; b) non-pharmacological treatments; c) pharmacological treatments; d) surgeries. All the aforementioned methods have the same

Among the techniques available for treating obesity, surgical techniques are more efficient. It is known that surgical methods offer effective results, maintaining 50% weight loss for 10 years. Two types of surgical treatments are practiced: a reduction of the stomach volume to diminish food ingestion and the use of a stomach-intestine bypass to produce practically no

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treatment with pharmacologic therapies in order to control blood sugar only slows progression of the disease. Bariatric surgery has been implicated in the

Multidisciplinary studies for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been developed. Doctors and Engineers are working together to deal with the problem and find

complete resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus in several clinical studies [4].

Suélia de S. Rodrigues Fleury Rosa,

osteoarthritis are all related to obesity [2].

principle –an energy deficit is necessary to cause weight loss.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50992

absorption of nutrients [3].

**1. Introduction** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Adson Ferreira da Rocha and José Conceição Carvalho
