**Author details**

#### V. Gergócs

*Department of Plant Taxonomy, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Budapest, Hungary* 

R. Homoródi\* *Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Faculty of Horticulture, Budapest, Hungary* 

<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author

L. Hufnagel

196 Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in a Diverse World

Seasonal stability

followings:

substrate;

topographicums;

topographicums.

same types of substrate.

**Author details** 

V. Gergócs

R. Homoródi\*

Corresponding Author

 \*

 Are easy and quick to indentify on a genus- level Have well processed, synthetised scientific literature

from different or the same types of site;

communities based on an existing reference list.

*Faculty of Science, Budapest, Hungary* 

*Faculty of Horticulture, Budapest, Hungary* 

reflection overwrites the zoogeographical patterns

Reflect the intrinsic, fundamental ecological characteristics of their biotops, which

Category orders as results of the analyses mostly met our expectations, first of all in case of genus lists, i.e. larger distances between genus lists correspond to larger spatial scales. However, time difference within a year could not be pointed out to a considerable extent either on genus or on family level. The most important differences in the orders are the

1. the difference between samples originating from the same and different types of

2. the difference between the distance of lists coming from the same type of substrate in a given site and the distance of genus lists originating from the same topographicum but

3. the difference between the distance of lists coming from the same or different types of substrate in a given site and the distance of lists originating from different

4. the difference between the distance of lists coming from the same types of sites in a given topographicum and the distance of lists originating from different

The analysis on family level differs from that of genus level that family lists of the zoogeographic kingdoms resemble each other as much as family lists originating from the

Thus, compiled a reference list with the help of which it can be expressed to what spatial distances the similarity – shown with distance functions – of the genus or family lists of two oribatid mite communities originating from samples of unknown quality corresponds. Disturbed and transformed habitats can be compared with the help of oribatid mite

*Department of Plant Taxonomy, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University,* 

*Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Corvinus University of Budapest,* 

Extremely high information content of the distance functions of genus lists.

*Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Faculty of Horticulture, Budapest, Hungary "Adaptation to Climate Change" Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary* 

#### **Acknowledgement**

We have to thank Prof. János Podani for his kind methodological help, Dr. Péter Balogh for his valuable professional help with the research of oribatid mites and for making the manuscripts from the Balogh-legacy available. We thank the "Adaptation to Climate Change" Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and particularly the late Zsolt Harnos, who ensured the professional prerequisites of the research. Our research was supported by the Research Assistant Fellowship Support (Corvinus University of Budapest), "ALÖKI" Applied Ecological Research and Forensic Institute Ltd., the Landscape Architecture and Landscape Ecology PhD School of the Corvinus University of Budapest and the "Bolyai János" Research Fellowship (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Council of Doctors). This work was supported by the research project of the National Development Agency TÁMOP 4.2.1.B-09/1/KMR-2010-0005.

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**Chapter 9** 

© 2012 Fang, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Fang, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Dynamic Informatics of Avian Biodiversity** 

Birds often constitute the most diverse and abundant species in a large-scale range (Rutschke, 1987; Virkkala, 2004). As such, and because their specific richness is relatively high in winter seasons, they may provide a useful raw material to evaluate predictive methods in wintering groups migrating through over an enormous range of environments (Bradley & Bradley, 1983). In the avian ecology, because they are highly mobile, and often yet ordinarily forage, breed, and stop in very specific habitats, birds indicate their specific behaviors of habitat selection (Jokimäki & Suhonen, 1998; Paillisson et al., 2004; Silva et al.,

Indeed, the lives of migrants and residents are replete with habitat biological choices: where to stop to replenish depleted fat stores, or where to build a rest site to molt feathers during migration, etc. (Erni et al., 2002; Glimcher, 2002; Wiltschko & Wiltschko, 2003). Since birds' mobility may lead them to exploit different habitats depending on whether they are anchoring or shortly stopping, the relative importance of habitat characteristics may therefore be selected by birds spatially and temporally. Therefore, birds are likely to be candidates for habitat condition assessments for their specific bio-choices where to select for

In order to understand their choices, avian community studies both in microhabitat-scale and landscape-scale are required (Buckley & Forbes, 1979; Palmer & White, 1994). Specifically, assessing which habitat elements are associated with bird communities during the non-breeding season (i.e., winter) may require a larger spatial scale than in the breeding season. During non-breeding and migrating seasons, individual birds spread and forage over larger spatial scales (Williams et al., 2003). At the larger scale, landscape configuration becomes crucial factors accounting for the variation in wintering bird species richness and diversity. However, there are many controversial issues to form avian refuges on larger

**on an Urban and Regional Scale** 

2004). Thus, they are also an ideal subject for habitat studies.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Wei-Ta Fang

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47366

approximate stopover sites.

**1. Introduction** 

[168] Zaitsev, AS; van Straalen, NM. 2001 Species diversity and metal accumulation in oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of forests affected by a metallurgical plant Pedobiologia 45 5:467-479.
