**2. Materials and methods**

234 Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering Processes

Fig. 1. A typical MFC representing current generation with the help of microorganisms

**Microorganism Substrate Mediators Reference**  *Geobacter sulfurreducens* Acetate Without mediator (Bond and Lovley, 2003) *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* Hydrolyzed Lactose MB, NR (Najafpour et al.) *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* Glucose NR (RAHIMNEJAD et al.;

*Saccharomyces cerevisiae* Glucose Resorufin (Ganguli and Dunn, 2009) *Aeromonas hydrophila* Glucose, Acetate Without mediator (Pham et al., 2003) *Enterococcus faecium* Glucose Pyocyanin (Rabaey et al., 2005a) *Streptococcus lactis* Glucose Ferric Chelate complex (Vega and Fernández, 1987)

*Gluconobacter oxydans* Glucose HNQ, Resazurin, Thioninee (Lee et al., 2002) *Shewanella putrefaciens* Lactate Without mediator (Kim et al., 2002) *Domestic wste water* Glucose, Xylose Humic acid (Thygesen et al., 2009) *Geobacter sulfurreducens* Acetate Without mediator (Yi et al., 2009) *Rhodoferax ferrireducens* Glucose Without mediator (Chaudhuri and Lovley, 2003) Activated sludge Waste water Without mediator (Kim et al., 2004) Mixed consortium Glucose, Sucrose Without mediator (Rabaey et al., 2005b) *Actinobacillus succinogenes* Glucose NR, Thionine (Park and Zeikus, 2002) *Klebsiella pneumoniae* Glucose HNQ (Rhoads et al., 2005) *Micrococcus luteus* Glucose Thionine (Choi et al., 2007)

disulfonate (AQDS)

Naphthoquinone, MB

*Proteus vulgaris* Glucose, Sucrose Thioninee (Bennetto et al., 1985; Thurston et al.,

*Proteus mirabilis* Glucose Thionine (Choi et al., 2003) *Shewanella putrefaciens* Glucose, Lactate Without mediator (Kim et al., 2002)

mediators less MFCs became an interesting issue for many researchers (Kim et al., 2002; Chaudhuri and Lovley, 2003; Venkata Mohan et al., 2007; Huang et al., 2008; Venkata Mohan et al., 2008) . Table 1 shows a list of MFCs were examined with or without mediators

Rahimnejad et al., 2009)

(Ringeisen et al., 2006)

(Bennetto, 1990; Park et al., 2000; Schröder et al., 2003; Grzebyk and Pozniak, 2005; Ieropoulos et al., 2005)

1985; Shin et al., 2006)

Thionin (Lee et al., 2002)

(Shukla et al., 2004)

used as component along with substrate.

*Proteus vulgaris* Glucose, Maltose,

Galactose

*Shewanella oneidensis* Lactate Anthraquinone-2,6-

*Escherichia coli* Glucose, Acetate NR, 2-Hydroxy-1,4-

Table 1. Microorganisms used in MFC
