**6. Conclusion**

Diffusion is an important process in polymeric membranes and fibers and it is clear that mass transfer through the polymeric medium is doing by diffusion. Analyzing the diffusion which is basically formulated by Fick's laws, lead to the following conclusions


As well described in this chapter, measuring the diffusion of small molecules in polymers using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy, is a promising technique which allows one to study liquid diffusion in thin polymer films in situ. This technique can be successfully employed for quantifying the compositional path during the mass transfer of immersed polymer solution, in which it is strongly involved to the structure development.

Diffusion in Polymer Solids and Solutions 37

Ashley, R. J. (1985). Permeability and Plastics Packaging, In: *Polymer Permeability,* J. Comyn, 269-308, Elsevier Applied Science, ISBN 0-85334-322-5, Northern Ireland. Azari, S.; Karimi, M. & Kish, M. H. (2010). Structural Properties of the Poly(acrylonitrile)

*Research,* Vol.49, No. 5, (March 2005), pp. 2442-2448, ISSN 0888-5885 Boom, R. M.; Boomgaard, R. M. & Smolder, C. A. (1994). Equilibrium Thermodynamics of a

*Physics*, Vol. 17, No. 3, (March 1979), pp. 477-489, ISSN 0887-6266.

*Macromolecules,* Vol.27, No. 8, (April 1994), pp. 2034-2040, ISSN 0024-9297 Chandra, P. & Koros, W. J. (2009). Sorption and Transport of Methanol in Poly(ethylene terphthalate). *Polymer*, Vol. 50, No. 1, (January 2009), pp. 236-244, ISSN 0032-3861 Cohen, C.; Tanny, G. B. & Prager, S. (1979). Diffusion-Controlled Formation of Porous

Comyn J. (1985). Introduction to Polymer Permeability and the Mathematics of Diffusion, In:

Cotugno, S., Maio, E. D., Mensitieri, G., Iannace, S., Roberts, G. W., Carbonell, R. G. &

Couchman, P. R. & Karasz, F. E. (1978). A classical thermodynamic discussion of the effect of

Crank, J. & Park, G. S. (1968). *Diffusion in Polymer* (First Edition), Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-

Crank, J. (1975). *The Mathematics of Diffusion* (Second Edition), Claredon Press, ISBN 0-19-

Dimarzio, E. A., Castellano, C., & Yang, A. (1996). Glass temperature depression of

Doppers, L. M., Sammon, C., Breen, C. & Yarwood, J (2006). FTIR-ATR Studies of the

Eyvazkhani, A. & Karimi M. (2009). Influence of Silica Nanolayers on the Water Diffusion

Fieldson, G. T. & Barbari, T. A. (1993). The Use of FTi.r.-a.t.r Spectroscopy to Characterize

*Conference on Textile Engineering,* Rasht, Iran, October 27-29, 2009.

(January 1978), pp. 117-119, ISSN 0024-9297

(April 2006), pp. 2714-2722, ISSN 0032-3861

Membrane Prepared with Different Thicknesses. *Industrial & Engineering Chemistry* 

Quaternary Membrane-Forming System with Two Polymers. I. Calculations.

Structures in Ternary Polymer Systems. *Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer* 

*Polymer Permeability,* J. Comyn, 1-10, Elsevier Applied Science, ISBN 0-85334-322-5,

Hopfenberg, H. B. (2005). Characterization of Microcellular Biodegradable Polymeric Foams Produced from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solutions. *Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,* Vol.44, No. 6, (March 2005), pp. 1795-1803, ISSN

composition on glass-transition temperature. *Macromolecules,* Vol.11, No. 1,

polymers by use of mixed solvents: A colligative property. *Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics*, Vol. 34, No. 3 , (February 1996), pp. 535-543, ISSN

Sorption of Acetone/Water Mixtures in Poly(vinyl alcohol). *Polymer*, Vol. 47, No. 8,

through PMMA/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites. *Proceedings of the International* 

Penetrant Diffusion in Polymers. *Polymer*, Vol. 34, No. 6, (March 1993), pp. 1146-

wavelength

**9. References** 

chemical potential

Northern Ireland.

0888-5885

197050-7, USA

0887-6266

853344-6, England

1153, ISSN 0032-3861
