**Acknowledgement**

The authors would like to express their gratitude to "Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior" (CAPES - Brazil), "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico" (CNPq – Brazil) and "Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais" (FAPEMIG – MG – Brazil) for the financial support.

### **7. References**


<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author

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**Chapter 18** 

© 2012 Jamal, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Jamal, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Signal Acquisition Using Surface EMG and Circuit** 

Electromyography (EMG) is the subject which deals with the detection, analysis and utilization of electrical signals emanating from skeletal muscles. The field of electromyography is studied in Biomedical Engineering. And prosthesis using electromyography is achieved under Biomechatronics [1]. The electric signal produced during muscle activation, known as the myoelectric signal, is produced from small electrical currents generated by the exchange of ions across the muscle membranes and detected with the help of electrodes. Electromyography is used to evaluate and record the electrical activity produced by muscles of a human body. The instrument from which we obtain the EMG signal is known as electromyograph and the resultant record obtained is known as

The human body is a wonder of nature. The functioning of human body is an intriguing and fascinating activity. Motion of the human body is a perfect integration of the brain, nervous system and muscles. It is altogether a well-organized effort of the brain with 28 major muscles to control the trunk and limb joints to produce forces needed to counter gravity and propel the body forward with minimum amount of energy expenditure [3]. The movement of the human body is possible through muscles in coordination with the brain. Whenever the muscles of the body are to be recruited for a certain activity, the brain sends excitation signals through the Central Nervous System (CNS). Muscles are innervated in groups called 'Motor Units'. A motor unit is the junction point where the motor neuron and the muscle fibers meet. A depiction of the Motor Unit is given in Figure 1. When the motor unit is activated, it produces a 'Motor Unit Action Potential' (MUAP) [4]. The activation from the Central Nervous System is repeated continuously for as long as the muscle is required to generate force. This continued activation produces motor unit action potential trains. The trains from concurrently active motor units superimpose to produce the resultant EMG

**Design Considerations for Robotic Prosthesis** 

Muhammad Zahak Jamal

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52556

**1. Introduction** 

electromyogram [2].

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

