**3. Terminology**

Frequently Used Terms Referring to Sepsis: Neonatal Fever; Neonatal Sepsis; Serious Bacterial Infection (SBI); Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS); Septic Shock (= Sepsis + Cardiovascular dysfunction).[2]

Early Detection and Prevention of Neonatal Sepsis 5

The frequency of early sepsis in infants with extremely low-birth-weight is 100 times higher than in full-term babies. Considering the fact that the number of children born at a gestational age greater than 35 weeks is much more common, the data shows that neonates

Late Sepsis is predominantly nosocomial (hospital disease) thought in some cases infection may be connected with maternal organisms. This form of clinical sepsis is one of main clinical problems characterized primarily by significantly premature babies. Development of late sepsis in neonates of this group is associated with a significant increase in the frequency

In West Europe, North America and Australia – late sepsis frequency is up to 6 among 1000 neonates. Among neonates of gestational age less of 25 weeks, late sepsis develops in 46% of them; among neonates of gestational age between 25-28 weeks, late sepsis develops in 29%. Thus, the less gestational age the higher the probability of developing late sepsis. The frequency of nosocomial infections is inversely proportional to birth weight and gestational age of neonates. This complication cannot only be explained by the prolonged

with low birth weight are far more likely to be diagnosed with sepsis. [1]

of complications, mortality and the prolonged hospitalization of neonates.

hospitalization needs of extremely premature children. [5]

**Figure 2.** K. Nemsadze, Neonatology, 2010 [1]

**Frequency of Late Sepsis of Neonates** 

## **Classifications of Neonatal Sepsis**

Neonatal and infant sepsis is classified according to age at the time of disease manifestation.

**'EARLY' SEPSIS** manifests within the first 72 hours after birth by the vertical transfer of microorganisms existing in maternal passages. It is characterized by fulminant multiple organ damage. Symptoms of pneumonia may be revealed within the first week of life.

**'EARLY, EARLY' SEPSIS AND VERY EARLY SEPSIS** manifests within the first 24 hours after birth by the vertical transfer of microorganisms existing in maternal passages.

**'LATE' SEPSIS** manifests within the first 72 hours after birth by the vertical or horizontal transfer of microorganisms existing in maternal passages. The primary cause of late sepsis is hospital infection. It is characterized by gradual development and multiple nidus of infection. Meningitis can occur quite frequently. Sepsis may manifest within the first 3 months of the child's life.

**LATE, LATE' SEPSIS OR VERY LATE SEPSIS** manifests more than 3 months after birth mainly in children born before 28 weeks of pregnancy or with immunodeficiency.[4,3]

#### **Frequency of Early Sepsis of Neonates (Tbilisi Central Children's hospital)**

Full-Term Infants: 0.2% (among 2/1000 neonates)

Late pre-term infant: 0.3% (among 3/1000 neonates)

Low Birth-Weight Infants: 1.5% (15/1000 neonates)

Very Low Birth-Weight Infants: 2.5% (25/1000 neonates)

Extremely Low Birth-Weight Infants: 25% (250/1000 neonates)

**Figure 1.** K. Nemsadze, Neonatology, 2010 [1]

The frequency of early sepsis in infants with extremely low-birth-weight is 100 times higher than in full-term babies. Considering the fact that the number of children born at a gestational age greater than 35 weeks is much more common, the data shows that neonates with low birth weight are far more likely to be diagnosed with sepsis. [1]

#### **Frequency of Late Sepsis of Neonates**

4 Neonatal Bacterial Infection

**3. Terminology** 

Sepsis + Cardiovascular dysfunction).[2]

**Classifications of Neonatal Sepsis** 

months of the child's life.

Frequently Used Terms Referring to Sepsis: Neonatal Fever; Neonatal Sepsis; Serious Bacterial Infection (SBI); Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS); Septic Shock (=

Neonatal and infant sepsis is classified according to age at the time of disease manifestation. **'EARLY' SEPSIS** manifests within the first 72 hours after birth by the vertical transfer of microorganisms existing in maternal passages. It is characterized by fulminant multiple organ damage. Symptoms of pneumonia may be revealed within the first week of life.

**'EARLY, EARLY' SEPSIS AND VERY EARLY SEPSIS** manifests within the first 24 hours

**'LATE' SEPSIS** manifests within the first 72 hours after birth by the vertical or horizontal transfer of microorganisms existing in maternal passages. The primary cause of late sepsis is hospital infection. It is characterized by gradual development and multiple nidus of infection. Meningitis can occur quite frequently. Sepsis may manifest within the first 3

**LATE, LATE' SEPSIS OR VERY LATE SEPSIS** manifests more than 3 months after birth mainly in children born before 28 weeks of pregnancy or with immunodeficiency.[4,3]

after birth by the vertical transfer of microorganisms existing in maternal passages.

**Frequency of Early Sepsis of Neonates (Tbilisi Central Children's hospital)** 

Full-Term Infants: 0.2% (among 2/1000 neonates) Late pre-term infant: 0.3% (among 3/1000 neonates) Low Birth-Weight Infants: 1.5% (15/1000 neonates)

**Figure 1.** K. Nemsadze, Neonatology, 2010 [1]

Very Low Birth-Weight Infants: 2.5% (25/1000 neonates)

Extremely Low Birth-Weight Infants: 25% (250/1000 neonates)

Late Sepsis is predominantly nosocomial (hospital disease) thought in some cases infection may be connected with maternal organisms. This form of clinical sepsis is one of main clinical problems characterized primarily by significantly premature babies. Development of late sepsis in neonates of this group is associated with a significant increase in the frequency of complications, mortality and the prolonged hospitalization of neonates.

In West Europe, North America and Australia – late sepsis frequency is up to 6 among 1000 neonates. Among neonates of gestational age less of 25 weeks, late sepsis develops in 46% of them; among neonates of gestational age between 25-28 weeks, late sepsis develops in 29%. Thus, the less gestational age the higher the probability of developing late sepsis. The frequency of nosocomial infections is inversely proportional to birth weight and gestational age of neonates. This complication cannot only be explained by the prolonged hospitalization needs of extremely premature children. [5]

**Figure 2.** K. Nemsadze, Neonatology, 2010 [1]
