**1. Introduction**

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1421-1431.

[43] Posfay-Barbe KM, Eald E. Listeriosis. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2009; 14:

[44] Kugelman A, Durand M. A comprehensive approach to the prevention of

[45] Kinsella JP, Greenough A, Abmann SH. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Lancet 2006; 367:

brochopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulm 2011; 1-13

Acute osteomyelitis, although a rare complication in neonates, is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Due to their immature immune response neonates are more susceptible to osteomyelitis than are older children. Preterm infants are at high risk for osteomyelitis because of frequent blood drawing, invasive monitoring/procedures and intravenous drug administration [1,2]. Early diagnosis of neonatal osteomyelitis might be difficult because of the paucity of clinical signs and symptoms, but has to be included in the differential diagnosis when late-onset or prolonged neonatal sepsis is present, as outcome is dependent on rapid diagnosis and immediate start of treatment.
