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**Chapter 13** 

© 2012 Perri et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Perri et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Olive Oil Traceability** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51796

with known and reliable samples.

**1. Introduction** 

Enzo Perri, Cinzia Benincasa and Innocenzo Muzzalupo

The market for imported, premium priced foods has increased dramatically over recent years, as consumers become ever more aware of products originating from around the world. There are many food products that are of superior quality (taste, texture, fragrance etc.) because of the locale in which they are cultivated. Environmental conditions, such as local climate and soil characteristics, combine to yield crops that exhibit specific traits. Clearly, higher quality products demands higher market prices, therefore unscrupulous traders may attempt to increase profits by deliberately mislabelling foods, or by increasing

the volume of a good quality batch through adulteration with sub-standard produce.

In recent years, there has been increasing legislation to protect the rights of both the consumer and honest producers. On 2009 the European Union (EU) Member States agreed to require origin labelling for virgin and extra virgin olive oils (EC Regulation 182/2009) to defend consumers need about true characteristics and origin. To enforce these laws, a measure of the authenticity of samples must be made, most often in the form of proving the presence/absence of adulterants, or verifying geographical or cultivar origin by comparison

The term traceability is often used in modern language, however its usage is applied for different meanings. In fact, in certain cases it is used to describe the origins of the raw materials, whilst in others to describe from which geographical region a foodstuff originates. It is also used more generically to identify a particular producer or from where it has been purchased. Many consider it as a guarantee of food safety and therefore obligatory for all food products; others however as a guarantee of quality and therefore a voluntary value.

Also the applied legislation is highly complex, with lawmakers giving different functions to traceability depending on the application and environment of the law. With the event of the food crisis in the 90's it was evident that new guidelines were urgently required to simplify and streamline the processes which could also be applied to food contamination. For this reason, the new laws of the European Union were considered as an umbrella and termed

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

