**5.4. Results on greenhouse olive nursery**

On the market are available different organic (peats, manures, urban wastes, barks, sawdusts) and inorganic (sand, pumice, clay, perlite, vermiculite) materials, usable in the preparation of olive nursery substrates. All these materials have some advantages, i.e. sterilization process not necessary, and commercial fertilizers can be added. Even though the peat is the more used organic material in the preparation of the substrates, other different material have been tested with the aim to replace it, include the olive industry byproducts.

In some experimental trials has been valued the compatibility and efficiency of composts, obtained from different olive mill wastes, in the composition of growth substrates for olive nursery, with the aim of mostly valorizing these biomasses as partial or total substitution of

peat. Variable proportions of peat and/or two different olive waste composts deriving from the continuous two and three phases extraction systems, were added to a basis of river sand, used as control, for a total of six treatments for each of the three cultivars under observation (Carolea, Nocellara messinese and Tondina). The self-rooted plantlets were kept for 28 months in greenhouse, making periodic measurements of linear growth (cm) and number of internodes. At the end of trial, dry weights of leaves, branches and roots were detected. The results showed a greater nutritional efficiency of the substrates containing composts derived from the three phases olive mill wastes, with highly significant differences both in the linear growths and in the number of internodes; while the compost derived from two phases olive mill wastes do not showed particular benefits, giving results similar to peat, and to sand (control), presumably due to the higher C/N ratio of this compound (Santilli et al., 2012; Toscano et al., 2009*a*).

Olive Mill By-Products Management 195

**Acknowledgement** 

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