**5. References**


<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author

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*University of Calabria (UNICAL), Dep. of Ecology,Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy* 

*Agricultural Research Council - Olive Growing and Oil Industry Research Centre, Rende (CS), Italy* 

The authors thank the CERTOLIO project and University of Calabria funds for financial

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**Author details** 

Adriana Chiappetta\*

Innocenzo Muzzalupo

support.

**5. References** 

ISSN 0305-7364

Sassari: pp. 403-412

 \*

Corresponding Author

106534-1

**4. Acknowledgement** 

	- Quézel , P. (1965). La végétation du Sahara. Du Tchad à la Mauritanie. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, ISBN 3-437-30258-2

**Chapter 3**

© 2012 Briccoli Bati et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Briccoli Bati et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Cultivation Techniques** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

improve the quantity and quality of production.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51932

**1. Introduction** 

Caterina Briccoli Bati, Elena Santilli, Ilaria Guagliardi and Pietro Toscano

In an agricultural context, olive growing is emerging as a dynamic and interesting topic. The majority of Italian olive growing still requires organic renewal interventions such as farm restructuring and tree planting, varietal conversion, mechanization, technical assistance for the implementation of technological innovations, better organization and contractual weight in product marketing. Therefore, the main objective in this area can be obtained with a more economical management of olive orchards in order to achieve a high production per unit area at lower costs and while respecting the environment. Therefore, current olive growing must be based on two pillars such as the reduction of management costs and the use of cultivation techniques with a low environmental impact. More and more attention is being paid, by the EU, and also by Italy, to environmental sustainability, biodiversity and compliance requirements in agriculture. Indeed, in recent years the EU has issued a set of regulations aimed at environmental protection and enhancement of rural areas by improving the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in order to obtain high-quality products aimed at enhancing the peculiarities of the different territories of origin (PGI, PDO) and protecting agricultural and natural resources. Quality must always be considered a key resource for agriculture, which will enable farms to survive and compete in both Italian and International markets. The cultivation techniques used in olive orchards are directed to preserve and improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil (soil preparation and tillage, irrigation, fertilization) and to enhance plant production (training, pruning, fruiting, production and pesticide treatments). The knowledge of olive morphology and biology is a prerequisite for the rationalization of cultivation techniques to

Although the olive tree can be considered a hardy plant and is cultivated in marginal areas, it requires specific cultivation techniques coordinated and integrated with each other in order to exalt their productive potentialities. This is why the wise use of tools such as pruning, irrigation, nutrition and soil management plays an important role in achieving a


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