**Acknowledgement**

This work was funded by ERDF (co)-financed projects P2010-CVI5767, P2010-AGR6274, BFU2011-22779, P2011-CVI-7487 and PEOPLE-IOF/1526.

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**Chapter 2** 

© 2012 Morales et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Morales et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Clustering of Olive Pollens into Model Cultivars** 

Olive pollen allergy is a leading cause of seasonal allergic disease in the Mediterranean countries, where olive trees are intensively cultivated and pollen grain count reaches very high levels during the pollination season (Wheeler, 1992, Liccardi et al., 1996). The level of sensitization to olive pollen among the general population is directly related to the abundance of trees as this determines allergen exposure. Nevertheless, apart from tree abundance, other factors such as genetic background may influence the incidence of sensitization to olive pollen even in areas of very high exposition (Geller-Bernstein et al. 1996).Olive trees have been cultivated in the Mediterranean basin for several millennia and this has led to the selection of a wide variety of cultivars with agronomic importance. Olive germplasm is exceptionally wide, with more than 250 cultivars only in Spain (Barranco and

Material commonly used for clinical and biological analysis corresponds in most cases to commercially available pollen, obtained from uncertain varietal sources. Previous studies have determined that most allergens isolated and characterized up to date are highly polymorphic (Villalba et al. 1993, 1994; Lombardero et al. 1994; Asturias et al. 1997; Alché et al. 1998; Tejera et al. 1999; Huecas et al. 2001; Martínez et al. 2002; Jiménez-López et al. 2012). Besides polymorphism, olive cultivars display broad differences in the expression levels for many allergens (Carnés et al. 2002; Conde Hernandez et al. 2002; Castro et al. 2003; Morales 2012) as well as in the number and molecular characteristics of the expressed allergen isoforms (Hamman-Khalifa et al. 2003, 2008; Hamman-Khalifa 2005; Castro et al. 2010; Jiménez-López et al. 2012). These differences are in a certain degree

**on the Basis of Their Allergenic Content** 

Sonia Morales, Antonio Jesús Castro,

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/49964

**1. Introduction** 

Carmen Salmerón, Francisco Manuel Marco,

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

María Isabel Rodríguez-García and Juan de Dios Alché

Rallo, 2005), probably as a direct consequence of intensive cultivation.

