**1. Introduction**

134 Tribology in Engineering

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Various types of lubricants are available all over the world including mineral oils, synthetic oils, re-refined oils, and vegetable oils. Most of the lubricants which are available in the market are based on mineral oil derived from petroleum oil which are not adaptable with the environment because of its toxicity and non-biodegradability [1, 2]. Unknown petroleum reserve and the increasing consumption, which made concern to use petroleum based lubricant thus, to find the alternative lubricant to meet the future demand is an important issue [3]. Therefore, vegetable oil can be played a vital role to substitute the petroleum lubricant as it possesses numerous advantage over base lubricant like renewability, environmentally friendly, biodegradability, less toxicity and so on [4-8]. It has been reported that yearly 12 million tons of lubricants waste are released to the environment [9]. However, it is very difficult to dispose it safely for the mineral oil based lubricants due its toxic and non-biodegradable nature. To reduce the dependency on petroleum fuel, legislations have been passed to use certain percentage of biofuel in many countries, such initiative also required for lubricant as well [10]. Vegetable oils are mainly triglycerides which contain three hydroxyl groups and long chain unsaturated free fatty acids attached at the hydroxyl group by ester linkages acids favors triglycerides crystallization [11, 12]. The unsaturated free fatty acid which is defined as the ratio and position of carbon-carbon double bond, one two and three double bonds of carbon chain is named as a oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acid components respectively [13]. The main limitations of vegetable oil are its poor low temperature behavior, oxidation and thermal stability and gumming effect [14, 15]. These stabilities and pour point behavior can be ameliorated by transesterification. Moreover the inferior flow property does not affect much in the tropical countries. Quinchia et al. [16] stated that, improving the potentiality of biolubricants some technical properties including available range of viscosities are need to improved. To do so, environmentally friendly viscosity modifier can be used. viscosity is the most important property for the lubricants

© 2013 Shahabuddin et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2013 Shahabuddin et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

since it determines the amount of friction that will be encountered between sliding surfaces and whether a thick enough film can be build up to avoid wear from solid-to-solid contact. Since little chance of viscosity with fluctuations in temperature is desirable to keep variations in friction at a minimum, fluid often are rated in terms of viscosity index. The less the viscosity is changed by temperature, the higher the viscosity index. Ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) copolymers were used to increase the viscosity range of high-oleic sunflower oil, in order to design new environmentally friendly lubricant formulations with increased viscosities. The maximum kinematic viscosities, at 40 and 100 ◦C, were increased up to around 150–250 cSt and 26–36 cSt, respectively [17].

Development of Eco-Friendly Biodegradable Biolubricant Based on Jatropha Oil 137

**Figure 1.** Block Diagrams of Friction and Wear Testing

The specimens were prepared from aluminum and cast iron material. Aluminum was used to build three pin and cast iron is used for disc specimen. The construction geometry and the dimension are shown in Fig. 2. Prior to conduct the test it was ensured that the surface of the specimens are cleaned properly i. e, free from dirt and debris. Alcohol was used for cleaning

**2.3. Preparation of the specimen** 

purpose.

Despite of having lot of advantages of biolubricant over petroleum based lubricant, the attempt to formulate the biolubricant and its applications are very few. Thus, in this article we sought to extend our investigation and to test the tribological characteristics and compatibility of non-edible Jatropha oil based biolubricant for the automotive application. The reason of selecting Jatropha oil as a base stock is it does not contend with the food and can be grown in marginal land.
