**3.3. Infertility and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome**

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a fairly common condition. The incidence of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) varies between 3% and 15% of women of reproductive age, depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria applied. The cause of PCOS is unknown. However, PCOS is thought to be a genetic disorder (autosomal dominant) meaning that each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder from a parent who carries the gene. The gene can be inherited from either mother or father. The exact gene causing PCOS has not yet been identified. The condition was first described in 1935 by American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr. and Michael L. Leventhal, from whom its original name of *Stein-Leventhal syndrome* is taken.

In 1990 a consensus workshop sponsored by the NIH/NICHD suggested that a patient has PCOS if she has all of the following:

1. oligoovulation

10 Enhancing Success of Assisted Reproduction






**3.1. Complications** 



pregnancy, and delivery.






**3.2. Modalities of laparoscopic myomectomy** 

**3.3. Infertility and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome** 





Steps of operation: intramural and deep subserosal myomas


Laparoscopic myomectomy generally is associated with shorter hospitalization; laparoscopic myomectomy is a benefit when traditional surgical management and future fertility are declined. After myomectomy the conception rate is approximately 53-70%. Laparoscopic uterine surgery predisposes an increased risk of uterine rupture during

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a fairly common condition. The incidence of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) varies between 3% and 15% of women of reproductive


In 2003 a consensus workshop sponsored by ESHRE/ASRM in Rotterdam indicated PCOS to be present if any 2 out of 3 criteria are met


The insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia is e prominent feature of the syndrome and seems to have a pathophysiologic role in the hyperanrogenism. It is a common hormonal disorder that is poorly understood and clinically characterized by lack of regular ovulation, irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, abnormal facial hair growth, obesity and polycystic ovaries. Polycystic ovarian syndrome can be difficult to diagnose because not all patients with PCOS display the same symptoms. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a disorder characterized by insulin resistance and a compensatory elevated insulin level, which are found in both the overweight and non-overweight woman with the syndrome. In addition the patients has a risk for possible long-term metabolic hazards such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The symptoms of PCOS and their severity can vary from patient to patient;

