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Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government.

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**Chapter 4** 

© 2012 Momot et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Momot et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**The Means of Progress in Improving** 

**the Identification and Correction of** 

**the Pathology of Hemostasis** 

Andrey Momot, Inna Lydina, Lyudmila Tsyvkina,

Controversies in Assisted Reproduction. Report of.., 2001).

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Oksana Borisova and Galina Serdyuk

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52898

**1. Introduction** 

**the Results of** *in vitro* **Fertilization Based on** 

In most developed countries the problem of infertility has acquired not only medical and sociodemographic, but also economic significance. One of the key and vigorously developing trends in modern obstetrics is aimed at overcoming this problem and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The 2010 Nobel Prize was awarded to Robert Edwards, 85-yearold British researcher and recognized the methods of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) which introduced a new era in human demography. ARTs are used to solve the problem of infertility; they use all treatment methods and procedures which support in vitro processing of human oocytes, sperm or embryos to become pregnant. These technologies involve in vitro fertilization (IVF) and transcervical embryo transfer, gamete intrafallopian transfer, zygote intrafallopian transfer, embryo intrafallopian transfer, gamete and embryo cryopreservation, oocyte and embryo donation, and surrogacy (Current Practices and

25 July 1978 was marked by a significant event in the history of ARTs. On that day, the first "test tube baby" was born in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic located in Oldham, North West England. This was also the birth date of modern assisted reproduction. In Russia, the first baby born by this method was delivered in 1986 in the Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, the division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Other leading centers in Russia are "Fertimed "Center for Reproduction and Genetics (Moscow), "ART-ECO" Clinic for Reproductive Health (Moscow), "ECO" Center for the


**Chapter 4** 
