**Author details**

Diletta Ami\* and Silvia Maria Doglia *Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), UdR Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy* 

<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author

Multivariate Analysis for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of Complex Biological Systems and Processes 215

Paolo Mereghetti

214 Multivariate Analysis in Management, Engineering and the Sciences

**Figure 8.** PCA–LDA analysis of SN and NSN oocytes in the nucleic acid absorption region. The PCA– LDA analysis has been carried out on measured FTIR absorption spectra obtained from SN and NSN oocytes at each maturation stage, between 1000 and 800 cm−1. The semi-axes of ellipsoids in the 3D score

FTIR microspectroscopy has recently emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical research, thanks to the possibility of providing, in a non-invasive and rapid way, a chemical fingerprint of biological samples. In particular, being successfully applied to the study of complex biological systems, it makes it possible not only to characterize in situ biological processes, but also to provide a rapid diagnosis of several diseases, such as cancer and

We should, however, note that the intrinsic complexity of the IR response of biological systems - due to the overlapping absorption of the main biomolecules - requires the support of an appropriate multivariate analysis approach able to draw out the significant and nonredundant information contained in these highly dimensional data. Indeed, only a suitable combination of biospectroscopy and of multivariate analysis would provide robust and reliable results through the identification of specific biomarkers, an essential prerequisite for

*Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy* 

*Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), UdR Milano-*

plot correspond to two standard deviations of the data along each direction.

**6. Conclusions** 

amyloid-based disorders.

**Author details** 

*Bicocca, Milan, Italy* 

Corresponding Author

Diletta Ami\*

 \*

unbiased result interpretation [19, 20].

and Silvia Maria Doglia

*Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Pisa, Italy* 
