**16. References**

Frank, Adam (2010), *Who Wrote the Book of Physics?* Discover Magazine (April 2010)

Keesing, Richard (2001). *Einstein, Millikan and the Photoelectric Effect,* Open University Physics Society Newsletter, Winter 2001/2002 Vol 1 Issue 4

http://www.oufusion.org.uk/pdf/FusionNewsWinter01.pdf


**0**

**26**

Anatol Malijevský

*Czech Republic*

**Statistical Thermodynamics**

*Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague*

This chapter deals with the statistical thermodynamics (statistical mechanics) a modern alternative of the classical (phenomenological) thermodynamics. Its aim is to determine thermodynamic properties of matter from forces acting among molecules. Roots of the discipline are in kinetic theory of gases and are connected with the names Maxwelland Boltzmann. Father of the statistical thermodynamics is Gibbs who introduced its concepts

Nothing can express an importance of the statistical thermodynamics better than the words of Richard Feynman Feynman et al. (2006), the Nobel Prize winner in physics: *If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is the atomic hypothesis (or the atomic fact, or whatever you wish to call it) that* **All things are made of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one**

In that one sentence, you will see, there is an enormous amount of information about the

The chapter is organized as follows. Next section contains axioms of the phenomenological thermodynamics. Basic concepts and axioms of the statistical thermodynamics and relations between the partition function and thermodynamic quantities are in Section 3. Section 4 deals with the ideal gas and Section 5 with the ideal crystal. Intermolecular forces are discussed in Section 6. Section 7 is devoted to the virial expansion and Section 8 to the theories of dense gases and liquids. The final section comments axioms of phenomenological thermodynamics

The phenomenological thermodynamics or simply thermodynamics is a discipline that deals with the thermodynamic system, a macroscopic part of the world. The thermodynamic state of system is given by a limited number of thermodynamic variables. In the simplest case of one-component, one-phase system it is for example volume of the system, amount of substance (*e.g.* in moles) and temperature. Thermodynamics studies changes of thermodynamic quantities such as pressure, internal energy, entropy, *e.t.c.* with

such as the statistical ensemble and others, that have been used up to present.

world, if just a little imagination and thinking are applied.

**2. Principles of phenomenological thermodynamics**

in the light of the statistical thermodynamics.

thermodynamic variables.

**1. Introduction**

**another.**

 http://knol.google.com/k/constantinos-ragazas/a-planck-like-characterizationof/ql47o1qdr604/7#

