**8. Acknowledgment**

The authors thank W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model, and Dr. N. Sun at I. M. Systems Group, Inc. for technical assistance to access NCEP/GDAS data. This study

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is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant No. 2011CB403405, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41075039, the Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grant No. GYHY200806009, and the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 2009.
