**7. Conclusions**

88 Thermodynamics – Interaction Studies – Solids, Liquids and Gases

convective regions to raining stratiform regions, whereas it barely changes *PEH* because of the offset between the weakened transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions to raining stratiform regions and the enhanced local atmospheric cooling (Figs. 14b

Model domain mean Convective regions Raining stratiform

*PSH* 1.16 1.07 0.92 0.86 0.73 0.80 0.30 0.34 0.13 *SHT* -0.34 -0.41 -0.33 -0.05 -0.06 -0.08 -0.16 -0.16 -0.14 *SHF* 1.30 1.28 1.24 1.15 1.11 1.02 0.15 0.14 0.18 *SHS* -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 *SLHLF* 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 *SRAD* 0.13 0.18 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 *QCM* 0.05 0.01 -0.09 -0.24 -0.33 -0.16 0.28 0.32 0.09

*PSH* 1.54 1.59 1.27 0.92 0.99 0.93 0.62 0.59 0.35 *SHT* -0.88 -0.88 -0.82 -0.46 -0.48 -0.49 -0.68 -0.66 -0.65 *SHF* 2.30 2.28 2.14 1.76 1.91 1.63 0.88 0.74 0.89 *SHS* -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 *SLHLF* 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 *SRAD* 0.07 0.16 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.00 *QCM* 0.05 0.04 -0.13 -0.37 -0.42 -0.22 0.41 0.44 0.12

*SHT* -1.15 -1.14 -0.97 -0.40 -0.40 -0.34 -0.76 -0.81 -0.62 *SHF* 4.00 3.92 3.81 3.10 3.15 3.02 0.98 1.00 0.82 *SHS* 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 *SLHLF* 0.03 0.03 0.00 -0.03 -0.04 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 *SRAD* 0.06 0.16 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 *QCM* -0.01 -0.11 -0.26 -0.49 -0.53 -0.34 0.47 0.38 0.12

*SHT* -0.90 -0.92 -0.81 -0.15 -0.17 -0.23 -0.48 -0.47 -0.36 *SHF* 1.30 1.26 1.29 0.59 0.66 0.64 0.51 0.47 0.42 *SHS* -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 *SLHLF* 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 *SRAD* 0.09 0.15 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 *QCM* 0.05 0.03 -0.08 -0.15 -0.16 -0.09 0.20 0.17 0.09

6 June *PSH* 2.95 2.84 2.69 2.21 2.21 2.36 0.74 0.64 0.32

7 June *PSH* 0.54 0.51 0.46 0.29 0.33 0.32 0.25 0.19 0.15

Table 3. Thermally related surface rainfall budget (*PSWV*, *SHT*, *SHF*, *SHS*, *SRAD*, and *QCM*) averaged daily and over model domain, convective regions, and raining stratiform regions

Over raining stratiform regions, the elimination of microphysical effects of ice clouds decreases *PEWV* through the weakened local atmospheric moistening and reduces *PEH* through the weakened local atmospheric cooling on 4 June. During 5-6 June, the exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds increases *PEWV* because all rainfall processes favors rainfall in CNIM but the local atmospheric moistening reduces rainfall in CNIR. Although

in C, CNIR, and CNIM. Unit is mm h-1.

C CNIR CNIM C CNIR CNIM C CNIR CNIM

regions

and 15b).

4 June

5 June Precipitation efficiency can be well defined through diagnostic surface rainfall budgets. From thermally related surface rainfall budget, precipitation efficiency associated with heat processes (*PEH*) is first defined in this study as the ratio of surface rain rate and the rainfall source from heat and cloud budgets. Precipitation efficiency associated with water vapor processes (*PEWV*) was defined by Sui et al. (2007) as the ratio of surface rain rate to the rainfall source from water vapor and cloud budgets. In this study, both precipitation efficiencies and their responses to effects of ice clouds are investigated through an analysis of sensitivity cloud-resolving modeling data of a pre-summer heavy rainfall event over southern China during June 2008. The major results include:

