*3.4.2. Production of ethanol from hydrolyzed solution of NaOH and KOH delignified pulp and nondelignified pulp*

The hydrolyzed solutions from three samples of pulp were concentrated to 50 g/l of glucose concentration. S. Cerevisiae TISTR 5339 was applied in the same amount as production of ethanol from pure glucose but pure glucose was replaced with the three hydrolyzed solutions. The fermentation solutions were analyzed by GC for ethanol concentration. The results were shown in Table 9.


**Acknowledgements**

**Author details**

Vittaya Punsuvon1,2\*

**References**

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University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Address all correspondence to: fscivit@ku.ac.th

The financial support for this work was provided by Centre of Excellence-Oil Palm Kasetsart

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1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

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2 Center of Excellence-Oil Palm, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

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\*glucose obtained from steam exploded pulp that directly employed for ethanol production without delignification with NaOH or KOH.

**Table 9.** Comparison of resulting ethanol concentration (g/l) and yield (%) after 36 h fermentation

Comparison of resulting ethanol after 36 h fermentation of NaOH and KOH delignified pulp was shown. The obtained ethanol concentration and yield from non delignified pulp was 16.25 g/l and 65%, respectively. The fermentation of KOH delignified gave ethanol concentration and yield at 16.42 g/l and 65.7% whereas those obtained from NaOH delignified pulp were 16.35 g/l and 65.4%, respectively. Alkaline delignification process showed no significant influence on the fermentation process. When the ethanol yield obtained from pure glucose and hydrolyzed solution (Table 8 and Table 9) were compared, it showed that the three hydrolyzed solutions gave lower ethanol yield due to the three hydrolyzed solution contained toxic substances such as furfural, 5-hydroxy methyl furfural, phenolic compound and acetic acid derived from steam explosion process. All substances can inhibit the fermentation of S. Cerevisiae TISTR 5339.
