**Section 1 Potential Biomass Sources 1**


Larissa Canilha, Rita de Cássia Lacerda Brambilla Rodrigues, Felipe Antônio Fernandes Antunes, Anuj Kumar Chandel, Thais Suzane dos Santos Milessi, Maria das Graças Almeida Felipe and Silvio Silvério da Silva

Chapter 3 **Sugarcane and Woody Biomass Pretreatments for Ethanol Production 47**

> Ayla Sant'Ana da Silva, Ricardo Sposina Sobral Teixeira, Rondinele de Oliveira Moutta, Viridiana Santana Ferreira-Leitão, Rodrigo da Rocha Olivieri de Barros, Maria Antonieta Ferrara and Elba Pinto da Silva Bon

#### **Section 2 Biomass Processing 89**

Chapter 4 **Effectiveness of Lignin-Removal in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for Ethanol Production from Napiergrass, Rice Straw, Silvergrass, and Bamboo with Different Lignin-Contents 91**

> Masahide Yasuda, Keisuke Takeo, Tomoko Matsumoto, Tsutomu Shiragami, Kazuhiro Sugamoto, Yoh-ichi Matsushita and Yasuyuki Ishii

Chapter 5 **The Effect of Washing Dilute Acid Pretreated Poplar Biomass on Ethanol Yields 105** Noaa Frederick, Ningning Zhang, Angele Djioleu, Xumeng Ge, Jianfeng Xu and Danielle Julie Carrier Chapter 6 **Hydrolysis of Biomass Mediated by Cellulases for the Production of Sugars 119** Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda and Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol Chapter 7 **Optimization of Delignification and Enzyme Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded Oil Palm Trunk for Ethanol Production by Response Surface Methodology 157** Vittaya Punsuvon **Section 3 Microbial Pretreatment of Lignocellulosics 179**

Preface

production.

This book is primarily focused on the key aspects of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) degrada‐ tion and eventually the production of value-added products. LB is the most abundant re‐ newable organic resources (∼200 billion tons annually) on earth that are readily available for conversion to biofuels and other value-added products (industrial enzymes, organic acids, pharmaceuticals, commodity chemicals, and food/feed). However, LB has not yet

The book content has been divided into four sections. Section 1 deals with the various kinds of potential biomass sources. Section 1 contains 3 chapters. Chapter 1 details about the bam‐ boo as biomass source, the characterization of cell wall components and chemical pretreat‐ ment. Chapter 2 comprehensively reviews the characterization of sugarcane residues (sugarcane bagasse and straw) which is important biomass in countries like Brazil, India and China. This chapter is particularly dedicated to hemicellulose fraction of cell wall of these residues which can be converted into several value-added products. Methods of hemi‐ cellulose de-polymerization, detoxification of xylose-rich solution, microbial conversion of pentose sugars into various products and the economic aspects of by-products derived dur‐ ing hemicellulose destruction. Chapter 3 exclusively discusses various pretreatment technol‐ ogies for sugarcane residues and woody biomass. Emphasis has been placed on mechanistic

Section 2 covers the important aspects of biomass processing involved in biomass pretreat‐ ment, saccharification and ethanol production. There are 4 chapters in this section. Chapter 4 specifically shows the effect of lignin removal on ethanol production via simultaneous sac‐ charification and co-fermentation from napier grass, rice straw, silver grass and bamboo. Minimization of water usage is an important feature for any bioprocess industry. The effect of washing the cellulignin from poplar for ethanol production has been elaborated in chap‐ ter 5. Chapter 6 shows the effect of cellulase loadings and other inevitable conditions on bio‐ mass saccharification for the clean sugars production. Chapter 7 demonstrates the statistical optimization of delignification and hydrolysis of steam exploded oil palm trunk for ethanol

Section 3 provides a thorough analysis on recent progress on microbial pretreatment of bio‐ mass in 2 chapters. Microbial pretreatment of biomass has shown promising results for the delignification while retaining maximum carbohydrates in the plant cell wall for the subse‐ quent conversion into fermentable sugars. Chapter 8 provides the technical overview on mi‐ crobial delignification of biomass in addition to limitations and various process configurations. Microorganism mediated biodelignification, the mechanism involved in bio‐ delignification, enzyme production profile of various microorganisms, and the possible ap‐

been tapped for the commercial production of these products.

changes in cell wall after pretreatment of biomass sources.

