**Author details**

78 New Technologies in the Oil and Gas Industry

**5. Conclusion** 

**Table 17.** Table Comparing Maximum Ei, Minimum Ei, and AAPE

very attractive prospects in drilling activities.

minimized errors returned.

**6. Limitations** 

readings.

not be guaranteed.

**7. Recommendations** 

 **Diesel Jatropha Canola Osman et al Minimum Ei** 0.008346 0.000214 0.000221 0.102269 **Maximum Ei** 0.724421 1.207834 1.159 1.221067 **AAPE** 0.172738 0.193426 0.124949 0.36037

The lower viscosities of jatropha, moringa and canola oil based mud (OBM's) make them

The results of the tests carried out indicate that jatropha, moringa and canola OBM's have great chances of being among the technically viable replacements of diesel OBM's. The results also show that additive chemistry must be employed in the mud formulation, to make them more technically feasible. In addition, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. From the viscosity test results, it can be inferred that the plastic viscosity of jatropha OBM can be further stepped down by adding an adequate concentration of thinner. This method

4. Artificial Neural Network works well for prediction of scientific parameters, due to

1. The temperature-density tests were carried out at surface conditions under an open system and at a constant pressure due to the absence of a pressure unit thus, the

3. The accuracy of the temperature-density readings is also reduced because of the use of

4. The mud samples were aged for only 24 hours, hence the feasibility of older muds may

1. This work should further be tested and investigated for the effect of temperature on

equations developed are not guaranteed for down-hole circulating conditions. 2. During the temperature-density tests, it was observed that some of the mud particles settled at the base of the containing vessel, and this reduced the accuracy of the

can also be used to reduce the gel strengths of jatropha, moringa and canola OBM's. 2. The formulated drilling fluids exhibited Bingham plastic behavior, and from the pressure loss modeling, canola OBM gave the best results, and next was jatropha OBM. 3. The tests of temperature effects on density: The densities increased and became constant at some point, and began increasing again (these temperature points of constant density varied for the different samples). The diesel OBM showed the highest

variation range, while the canola OBM showed the lowest.

an analogue mud balance (calibrated to the nearest 0.1 ppg).

other properties of the formulated drilling fluids.

Adesina Fadairo, Churchill Ako, Abiodun Adeyemi and Anthony Ameloko *Department of Petroleum Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria* 

Olugbenga Falode *Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria* 
