**4.2 ARB and hemodynamics**

Central venous pressure (CVP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were significantly higher and mean blood pressure (MBP), LVP and +dP/dt were significantly lower in EAM rats indicating systolic and diastolic dysfunction. CVP and LVEDP were significantly decreased in the ARB treated EAM rats. Myocardial contractility parameters including intraventricular pressure change were improved in EAM rats treated with ARB. Echocardiographic analysis also showed the improvement of cardiac remodeling with ARB treatment evidenced by decreased LVDd and LVDs and increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction (Sukumaran et al., 2010; 2011a; 2011b; Shirai et al., 2005; Tsutsui et al., 2007).
