**1. Introduction**

10 Keratoplasties – Surgical Techniques and Complications

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[12] Damji KF, Rootman J, White VA, Dubord PJ, Richards JS. *Changing indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Vancouver, 1978-87*.Can J Ophthalmol.1990;25(5):243-8. [13] Arentsen JJ, Morgan B, Green WR. Changing indications for keratoplasty. Am J

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[17] Ngamti phkorns,Parasit slip: *Clinical indication for P.K in Maharaj Nakorn chaing Mai* 

[18] poniard,C / Tupping / Loty B pelbose, *The French national waiting list for P.K created in* 

[19] Randle man JB,Song CD, Palay DA: *Indication for and out come of penetrating keratoplasty performed by resident surgeons*, America J ophtalmol.2003/ Jul/136(1):68-75. [20] Kanavi MR, Javadi MA, Sanagoo M. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Iran.

*1999-patient registration dication,characterisitic and turn over*, B.J ophtalmol: 2003

undergoing penetrating keratoplasty. *Ophthalmology* 1991;98:322-28

bullous keratopathy. *Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc* 1989;87:762-801.

*Hospital. 1996-1999;* J Med Assos 2003 Mar 86 (3) :206-211.

2.

Ophthalmol. 1976;81(3):313-8.

Nov:26 (9) :911.

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keratoconus. *Ophthalmology* 1982;89:651-54

*indications for penetrating keratoplasty, 1984-1988*. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;107(5):550-

Keratitis infections caused by bacteria, fungus or *Acanthamoeba* may be the most important reason for visual loss after trachoma and xerophtalmia in undeveloped and developed countries. Wilhelmus KR. 1998.

Early diagnosis and the availability of the powerful antibiotics give the opportunity of having a better control of the corneal infectious processes, mainly in those of bacteriological etiology.

However, the virulence and resistance of some bacteria Hill JC et al 1986, fungi Polack FM et al 1971 and *Acanthamoeba* Blackman HJ 1984 may progress inexorably despite the maximum therapy applied and in those cases the integrity of the ocular globe will be jeopardized and then, it will be necessary to realize a penetrating keratoplasty, by removing, totally of partially, the infectious area in the cornea in the levels where the antibiotics and defense mechanisms of the guest, might be effective.

The tectonic and therapeutic keratoplasty constitute a significant percentage of corneal transplants held in Asia and in some other under developed cities. In Singapore, it was reported a survey in which 13% of all transplants were with therapeutic or tectonic indication Tan DT, Janardhanan P 2008.

 In Mexico, it was reported, in a 10 year-period, from 2001 thru 2010, out of the 3240 transplants carried out in the Hospital for the prevention of Blindness, "Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico, IAP" Mexico City had a tectonic or therapeutic indication. If we divide the therapeutic indication from the tectonic, the percentage lows down to 2.06%
