**12. Selection of phage tolerant strains**

56 Lactic Acid Bacteria – R & D for Food, Health and Livestock Purposes

**11.3. Production organization** 




contamination is high

process completion

temperature sensors, etc.)

production facilities)

procedures and follow them.






liquid pools containing live cultures





[5,102,123]:

a single starter strain, where each carries a different phage defense system, is an attractive method to overcome phages as well as all types of resulting phage mutants. Moreover, the use of a limited number of strains, in this case one strain and its variants, limits the phage number as well as the occurrence of novel phages in fermentation plants [135,137]. A great advantage for the industry is also the use of only one indicator strain to monitor phage occurrence. Application of PDRS by construction of novel strains carrying newly identified phage-resistance mechanisms makes this strategy broad range with unlimited variants.

An important element reducing the spread of phages in the dairy plant is the organization of production. The control of phage risk in dairy plants relies on development and implementation of a variety of procedures. To keep phages under control one should







Plant staff should be aware of the importance of phage control risk, well acquainted with
