**6. References**


[9] Cleveland J., T. J., Montville, I. F. Nes, and M. L. Chikindas. 2001. Bacteriocins: safe natural antimicrobials for food preservation. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 71: 1-20.

420 Lactic Acid Bacteria – R & D for Food, Health and Livestock Purposes

*Technology, Institute of Food Sciences; Vienna, Austria* 

funded by Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Nigerian fresh waters. Food Microbiology. 2: 71-75.

International Journal of Food Microbiology*.* 24: 343-362.

*University of Zabol, Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Fishery; Zabol, Iran BOKU -University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Food Sciences and* 

*Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Marine Science, Department of Seafood Science and* 

The authors thank the personnel of the Shahid Rajaei Aquaculture Center for their assistance. We are also grateful to Professor Mehdi Soltani from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Dr Ali Shahreki from Medicine Science University of Zahedan, Iran, Professor Masoud Rezaei from Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, Professor Wolfgang Kneifel and Professor Konrad Domig from University of natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria for their helpful opinions. Some part of this research was

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Mahdi Ghanbari and Mansoureh Jami

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Modares University. Iran.

Microbiology*.* 27, 1-12.

**Acknowledgement** 

**Author details** 

Masoud Rezaei

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**Section 7** 

**New Fields of Application** 


**Section 7** 

**New Fields of Application** 

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**Chapter 18** 

© 2013 Tarahomjoo, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Exploring Surface Display Technology** 

**Bacteria to Gastrointestinal Tract** 

**Figure 1.** Schematic representation of a microbial surface display system

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Shirin Tarahomjoo

**1. Introduction** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50783

**for Enhancement of Delivering Viable Lactic Acid** 

Anchoring of proteins to the cell surface is a common theme in nature and the processes governed by different surface proteins are bases of many biological phenomena, such as cellcell recognition, signal transduction, adherence, colonization, and immunoreactions (Westerlund & Korohonen, 1993). The utilization of cellular surface anchoring systems for the display of heterologous proteins on the surface of microbial cells has been developed into an active research area that holds a great promise for a variety of biotechnological applications including the production of whole cell biocatalysts, microbial adsorbents, live vaccines, antibody fragments, and screening of novel proteins (Hansson et al., 2001; Kondo& Ueda, 2004; Lee et al., 2003). Generally construction of these systems is accomplished by the expression of heterologous peptides or proteins as fusions with anchoring domains, which are able to attach to the cell surface (Fig 1.). Anchoring domains are usually cell surface proteins or their fragments. Depending on the characteristics of target and anchor proteins, N-terminal fusion, C-terminal fusion or sandwich fusion strategy can be considered (Lee et al., 2003).
