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**Chapter 9** 

© 2013 Sivieri et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Probiotics and Intestinal Microbiota:** 

**Implications in Colon Cancer Prevention** 

Katia Sivieri, Raquel Bedani, Daniela Cardoso Umbelino Cavallini

Colon cancer (CC) is one of the commonest causes of death among all types of cancers [1]. The development of cancer is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic, physiological, and environmental factors [2,3]. Regarding environmental factors, the lifestyle, particularly dietary intake, may affect the risk of CC developing [1,4]. Western diet, rich in animal fat and poor in fiber, is generally associated with an increased risk of colon cancer [5,6,7]. Thus, it has been hypothesized that the connection between the diet and CC, may be the influence that the diet has on the colon microbiota and bacterial metabolism, making both relevant factors in the etiology of the disease [8,9]. Additionally, it has been clearly demonstrated

Several studies have indicated that the intestinal microbiota is an important determinant for general health of the human body [1]. Therefore, a beneficial modulation of the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota might represent an interesting approach to improve health, reducing the risk of CC development. This modulation may be though

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host [11]. Among the best known probiotic microorganisms are strains belonging to the *Lactobacillus* and *Bifidobacterium* genera. However, other microorganisms, such as *Enterococcus* spp., *Streptococcus* spp., *Escherichia coli* Nissle 1917, some bacilli, and *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* subsp. *boulardii* have also been

Even though the mechanisms by which probiotics may inhibit colon cancer are not fully elucidated, certain potential mechanisms have been disclosed, such as the alteration of the

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

that the gut microbiota may be modulated by many factors including diet [10].

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

and Elizeu A. Rossi

**1. Introduction** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51696

about probiotic consumption.

considered for use as probiotics [12].


**Chapter 9** 
