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**Chapter 14** 

© 2013 Santos et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Lactic Acid Bacteria** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50703

**1. Introduction** 

silages.

**in Tropical Grass Silages** 

Edson Mauro Santos, Thiago Carvalho da Silva,

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

hydrolyzed in their monomers at forage harvest.

microorganism groups present in the forage used for silage.

Carlos Henrique Oliveira Macedo and Fleming Sena Campos

role in the preservation process of moist forages for animal feeding (silage).

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have applications in many industrial areas and play an important

The basic principle silage is to store the surplus forage keeping its stability and nutritional value until it is required to feed the animals. This process takes place in anaerobic conditions, where the lactic acid produced by the LAB inhibits the proliferation of spoilage microorganisms, which are less tolerant to acidic conditions. Thus, as the pH values decline, the silage losses decline as well due to the greater conversion of plant soluble carbohydrates (the main substrate for LAB) in lactic acid, with 96.9% rate of energy recovery (Mc Donald et al., 1991). The major soluble carbohydrates present in forage crops are fructose, glucose, sucrose and frutosanas, according to Woolford, (1984), sucrose and frutosanas are rapidly

Lactic fermentation produces lactic acid as the main product. Therefore, homofermentative bacteria such as *Lactobacillus plantarum* are desirable in the silage fermentation process, once 87% of their metabolites become lactic acid. On the other hand, in the heterofermentative process, additional substances like ethanol, acetate and CO2, are formed. Microbial inoculants used as additives include homofermentative LAB, heterofermentative LAB, or both combined. The specificity between the forage specie and its epiphytic micro flora implicates the need for studies related with isolation and identification of the main

In this chapter we will discuss the characteristics of tropical grasses, the main LAB species found in these grasses and how the LAB's are used to improve the quality of tropical grass'

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
