**Author details**

Zbigniew Pędzich *AGH – University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland* 

## **9. References**


[14] Changxia L, Jianhua Z., Xihua Z., Junlong S., Fabrication of Al2O3/TiB2/AlN/TiN and Al2O3/TiC/AlN composites. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2003; 99(1-3) 321-324.

100 Tungsten Carbide – Processing and Applications

wet or high humid environments.

*AGH – University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland* 

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with SiC whiskers. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1986; 68 288-292.

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**Author details** 

Zbigniew Pędzich

**9. References** 

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Their very good properties are manifest in applications connected with intensive wear risks, especially in the presence of loose, hard particles. Spectacular improvement was also observed in prolonged applications at conditions under stresses much lower than critical at

[1] Ding, Zh., Oberacker, R. and Thümler, F., Microstructure and mechanical properties of yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) containing dispersed silicon

[2] Nawa M., Yamazaki K., Sekino T., Niihara K., A New Type of Nanocomposite in Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal – Molybdenum System. Materials Letters. 1994; 20 299-

[3] Poorteman M., Descamps P., Cambier F., Leriche E., Thierry B., Hot Isostatic Pressing of

[4] Claussen N., Weisskopf K.L. and Ruhle M., Tetragonal zirconia polycrystals reinforced

[5] Lin G.Y., Lei T. C., Wang S. X. and Zhou Y., Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC whisker reinforced ZrO2 (2 mol% Y2O3) based composites. Ceramics International

[6] Wahi R.P. and Ilschner B., Fracture behavior of composites based on Al2O3-TiC. Mater.

[7] Tiegs T.N. and Becher P.F., Sintered Al2O3-SiC Composites. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 1987;

[8] Niihara K., Nakahira A., Sasaki G. and Hirabayashi M., Development of strong

[9] Stadlbauer W., Kladnig W. and Gritzner G., Al2O3/TiB2 composite ceramics. J. Mater.

[10] Borsa C.E., Jiao S., Todd R.I. and Brook R.J., Processing and properties of Al2O3/SiC

[11] Breval E., Dodds, G. and Pantano C.G., Properties and microstructure of Ni-alumina composite materials prepared by the sol/gel method. Mater. Res. Bull. 1985; 20 1191–

[12] Sekino T., Nakahira A. and Niihara K., Relationship between microstructure and hightemperature mechanical properties for Al2O3/W nanocomposites. Trans. Mater. Res.

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**Chapter 5** 

© 2012 Twardowski and Wojciechowski, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

properly cited.

**Machining Characteristics of** 

Paweł Twardowski and Szymon Wojciechowski

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51439

machinability by another [2].

**1. Introduction** 

**Direct Laser Deposited Tungsten Carbide** 

Machinability can be defined as the relative susceptibility of the work material to the decohesion phenomenon and chip formation, during cutting and grinding. This feature depends on work and tool's material physic-chemical properties and condition, method of machining, as well as cutting conditions [1]. Therefore, there is no unique and unambiguous meaning to the term machinability. This feature, can be described by many various indicators. Each one of them carries out a wide variety of operations, each with a different criteria of machinability. A material may have good machinability by one criterion, but poor

To deal with this complex situation, the approach adopted in this chapter is to divide machinability indicators into two groups, namely: physical and technological indicators. Physical machinability indicators include i.a. temperatures, cutting forces, vibrations and residual stresses generated during machining process, because their value have the direct influence on the ensemble of the remaining machining effects. Technological indicators

The most popular method for producing tungsten carbide components is by powder metallurgy technology. Nonetheless, for individual, small quantity production or product prototyping this method is too costly and time consuming. The alternative to powder metallurgy is Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) technology, which can be used to quickly produce metallic powder prototypes by a layer manufacturing method [3, 4] – Figure 1. The primary objective of DLD technology is the regeneration of machine parts or machine parts manufacturing with the improved surface layer properties, e.g. higher corrosion, erosion and abrasion resistance. Direct Laser Deposition is an extension of the laser cladding process, which enables three dimensional fully-dense prototype building by cladding consecutive layers on top of one another [6]. The DLD technology is increasingly being used

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

include mainly machined surface texture and tool's life (relatively tool wear).


**Chapter 5** 
