**8. References**

Abdel-Hamid, H.M. (2005). Effect of electron beam irradiation on polypropylene films – dielectric and FT-IR studies. *Solid-State Electronics,* volume 49, pp 1163–1167, ISSN: 0038-1101

Effect of Plasma on Dyeability of Fabrics 349

Leonhardt, D., Muratore, C., & Walton, S.G. (2004). Plasma enhanced surface treatments

Mahapatra, S., Bodas, D., Mandale, A.B., Gangal, S.A., & Bhoraskar, V.N. (2006). Electron

Moser, L.S. (2003). ITMA 2003 review: Textile printing. *Journal of Textile and Apparel* 

Oehr, C. (2003). Plasma surface modification of polymers for biomedical use. *Nuclear* 

Oktem, T., Seven Tekin, N., Ayhan, H., & Piskin, E. (2000). *Turkish Journal of Chemistry,* 

Pane S., Tedesco R., Palmers J. (2003) 'Acrylic fabrics treated with plasma for outdoor

Park.S.J, Jang.Y.S, (2003) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon fibers

Payamara.J , Shahidi.S , Ghoranneviss.M , Wiener.J and Anvari.A,(2010) Effect of electron

Payamara.J, Shahidi.S and Wiener.J, (2008) Ion beam modification of polypropylene fabrics,

Petrinic, I, Andersen, N.P.R., Ostar-Turk, S., & Le Marechal, A.M. (2007). *Dyes and Pigments,* 

Poncin-Epaillard, F., Chevet, B., & Brosse, J.-C. (1994). Modification of isotactic

Shahidi.S , Ghoranneviss.M , Moazzenchi .B, Anvari .A, Rashidi.A (2007) Aluminum

*Surface & Coatings Technology*, volume 201, pp 5646–5650, ISSN: 0257-8972 Shahidi.S, Ghoranneviss.M, Moazzenchi.B, Rashidi.A, and Dorranian.D, (2007) Effect of

S. Shahidi , A. Rashidi , M. Ghoranneviss , A. Anvari , J. Wiener, (2010) Plasma effects on

Schmidt-Przewozna.K, Kowalinski.J, (2008). Light fastness properties and UV protec- tion

*Iranian Physical Journal*, Volume 2-3, pp 26-29, ISSN:1735-9325

substrate. *Materials Letters,* Volume 60 , pp 1360–1365, ISSN: 0167-577X McKenzie, D.R., Newton-McGee, K., Ruch, P., Bilek, M.M., & Gan, B.K. (2004). Modification

*& Coatings Technology,* Volume 186 , pp 239–244, ISSN: 0257-8972

*Technology and Management,* Volume 3 , pp 1–15, ISSN: 15330915

applications', *Unitex*, (July 2003), 13–17, ISSN 1442-2743

*Science,* Volume 261, pp 238–243, ISSN: 0021-9797

(November 2010), pp 988–995, ISSN: 0040-5000

*Polymers*, Vol.8, No.1, pp 123-129, ISSN: 1229-9197

Other Bast Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres

Svensson E., (2004), *Plasmatech – European Network Programme* (internal report).

Volume 74, pp 512–518, ISSN: 0143-7208

pp 1291–1306, ISSN: 0021-8995

pp S349–S354, ISSN: 0257-8972

189 , pp 299–306, ISSN: 0257-8972

Volume 24, pp 277, ISSN 1300-0527

583X

using electron beam generatedplasmas. *Surface & Coatings Technology,* Volume 188-

beam induced surface cross-linking of functional monomers coated on silicon

of polymers by plasmabased ion implantation for biomedical applications. *Surface* 

*Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,* Volume 208, pp 40–47, ISSN: 0168-

supported with silver metal for antibacterial behavior, *Journal of Colloid and Interface* 

irradiation on dye and printability of polypropylene (PP) fabrics: a novel method for decoration of PP fabrics *The Journal of The Textile Institute,* Vol. 101, No. 11,

polypropylene by a cold plasma or an electron beam and grafting of the acrylic acid onto these activated polymers. *Journal of Applied Polymer Science,* Volume 53,

coatings on cotton fabrics with low temperature plasma of argon and oxygen,

Using Cold Plasma on Dyeing Properties of Polypropylene Fabrics, *Fibers and* 

anti-felting properties of wool fabrics, *Surface & Coatings Technology*, Volume 205,

factor of naturally dyed linen, hemp and silk, International Conference on Flax and


Bhardwaj, I.S., & Heusinger, H. (1978). Modification of polypropylene fibre with electron beam. *Colloid & Polymer Science,* volume 256 , pp 663–665, ISSN: 0303-402X Burton, R. (2005). Creativity, method and process in digital fabric printing: A 21st century paintbrush. *Digital Creativity,* Volume 16 , pp 217–230, ISSN: 1462-6268 Chun Liu.Y, Xiong.Y, and Nian Lu.D, (2006) *Applied Surface Science*, 252, 2960, ISSN: 0169-

Chen.C.Y, (2008) Chiang, Preparation of cotton fibers with antibacterial silver nanoparticles,

Chen.X, Schluesener.H.J, (2008) Nano silver:a nano product in medical application,

El-Molla, M.M., & Schneider, R. (2006). Development of eco friendly binders for pigment

El-Naggar, A.W.M., Zohdy, M.H., Said, H.M., El-Din, M.S., & Noval, D.M. (2005). Pigment

field. *Plasma Processes and Polymers, Volume 3* , pp 316–321, ISSN: 1612-8869 Ghoranneviss.M, Shahidi.S, Anvari.A, Motaghi.Z, Wiener.J (2011) Influence of plasma

Hong.K.H, Sun.G, (2008) Antimicrobial and chemical detoxifying function soft cotton fabrics

Ibrahim, M.S., El Salmawi, K.M., & Ibrahim, S.M. (2005). Electron-beam modification of

Iller, E., Kukie ka, A., Stupi ska, H., & Miko ajczyk, W. (2002). Electron-beam stimulation of

Kondo, Y., Miyazaki, K., Yamaguchi, Y., Sasaki, T., Irie, S., & Sakurai, K. (2006). Mechanical

Kumar.V,.Bhardwaj.Y.K,Rawat.K.P,.Sabharwal.S,(2005)Radiation induced grafting of

*Progress in Organic Coatings*, Volume 70, pp388–393, ISSN: 0300-9440 Hegemann.D, Mokbul Hossain.M, Balazs.D.J, (2007), Nanostructured plasma coat- ings to

Huang.F, Wei.Q, Wang.X, and Xu.W, (2006) *Polymer Testing*, 25, 22, ISSN: 0142-9418

*Chemistry,* Volume 63 , pp 253–257, ISSN: 0969-806X

printing of all types of textile fabrics. *Dyes and Pigments,* volume 71 , 130–137,

colors printing on cotton fabrics by surface coating induced by electron beam and thermal curing. *Applied Surface Science,* Volume 241 , pp 420–430, ISSN: 0169-4332 Errifai.I, Jama.C, Le Bras.M, Delobel.R, Gengember.L,Mazzah.A, and De Jaeger.R, (2004) *Surface and Coating Technology*, Volume180-181, pp 297, ISSN: 0257-8972 Ghoranneviss, M., Moazzenchi, B., Shahidi, S., Anvari, A., & Rashidi, A. (2006).

Decolourization of denim fabrics with cold. Plasmas in the presence of magnetic

sputtering treatment on natural dyeing and antibacterial activity of wool fabrics,

obtain multifunctional textile surfaces, *Progress in Organic Coatings,* Volume 58, pp

containing different benzophenone derivatives ,*Carbohydrate Polymers*, Volume 71 ,

textile fabrics for hydrophilic finishing. *Applied Surface Science,* Volume 241 , pp309–

the reactivity of cellulose pulps for production of derivatives. *Radiation Physics and* 

properties of fiber reinforced styrene–butadiene rubbers using surface-modified UHMWPE fibers under EB irradiation., *European Polymer Journal,* Volume 42 , pp

vinylbenzyltrimethylammoniumchloride(VBT)on to cotton fabric and study of its anti bacterial activities, *Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Volume* 73, 175–182, ISSN:

*Materials Letters,* Volume 62, pp 3607–3609, ISSN: 0167-577X

*Toxicology Letters*, Volume17, pp 61–12, ISSN: 0378-4274

4332

ISSN: 0143-7208

237–240, ISSN: 0300-9440

pp 598–605, ISSN: 0144-8617

1008–1014, ISSN: 0014-3057

0969-806X

320, ISSN: 0169-4332


**16** 

*Thailand* 

**Dyeing and Fastness Properties of** 

*3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University,* 

Jantip Suesat1,2 and Potjanart Suwanruji3

*2Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University* 

**Disperse Dyes on Poly(Lactic Acid) Fiber** 

*1Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University,* 

Poly(lactic acid) or PLA is an aliphatic polyester being considered as a green material due to its natural-based origin and biodegradability properties. Lactic acid obtained from the fermentation of sugar and vegetables e.g. corn and cassava is used as a monomer for PLA polymerization. Production of PLA polymer can be achieved by 2 major synthesis routes viz., direct condensation polymerization of lactic acid and ring-opening polymerization of lactide, a cyclic dimer of lactic acid, yielding poly(l-lactic acid), poly(d-lactic acid) or poly(d,l-lactic acid) depending on lactic acid isomers employed. The chemical structure of PLA is shown in fig. 1. PLA possesses desired properties required for packaging materials. Major market share of PLA therefore falls in the packaging industry. At the same time, its interesting properties have drawn attention from the textiles industry. An attempt to use PLA as a textile fiber has been pursued with the aim of replacing poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, fiber with this green polyester fiber. PLA fiber can be produced by both melt and solution spinning processes (Gupta et al., 2007) but the former is used more regularly due to the more eco-friendliness and ease of processing. Thermal degradation of the PLA polymer during melt spinning can be prevented by addition of a thermal stabilizer. The processing of PLA fiber/yarn is one of the important parameters in controlling the properties of PLA. PLA yarns which are formerly passed through different yarn processing possess different physical properties and morphological characteristics, which subsequently influence the accessibility of the chemicals into the fiber during textile wet processing for

C C O

PLA fiber has superior elastic recovery and a slightly higher hydrophilicity as compared with PET. It also exhibits lower flammability and less smoke generation. One of the

[ ] <sup>H</sup>

n

CH3 O

H

HO

**1. Introduction** 

example, dyeing and finishing (Suesat et al., 2003).

Fig. 1. Chemical structure of PLA

