**7. Advantages to the subsequent dyeing and finishing process**


238 Textile Dyeing

The yarn bleached using Koolwhite 2020 process shows a lesser cuprammonium fluidity and higher degree of polymerization. This clearly demonstrates that Koolwhite 2020 process causes lesser damage to the fibre as compared to conventional bleaching at 1000C. To confirm this CSP and RKM readings were taken for the same yarn and the results clearly

The yarn bleached using Koolwhite 2020 is found to give better loom efficiency. In general

The cuprammonium fluidity and the degree of polymerization data suggests that there has been lesser fibre degradation. Fibre degradation generally leads to formation of oligomers of lesser molecular weight. Due to their smaller size and partial hydrophilic nature, they tend to get easily suspended in water. Presence of emulsifying and wetting agents further enhance this action. This contributes to the weight loss of the fibre. Since in Koolwhite 2020 process there is a lesser extent of oligomer formation, the overall weight loss in the yarn or fabric is observed to be less. In general it has been seen that the weight loss is less by 2-5%

Koolwhite 2020 process leads to lesser oxy-cellulose formation. In bleaching process, it is observed that oxy-cellulose formation is higher on the surface as compared to the core of fibre. This is because of higher degree of abrasion and continuous contact with fresh bleaching solution. On the other hand Koolwhite 2020's reaction mechanism inhibits any damage to the yarn even after the ever changing fresh bleaching liquor on the surface of the yarn. Due to this the yarn profile is much smoother. This has an direct impact on the amount of finish to be used on the yarn. The customer using Koolwhite 2020 process can reduce the

Between the conventional bleaching temperature and Koolwhite 2020 bleaching temperature there is a difference of at least 250C. Also with tighter government regulations, hot drain has been banned. So even if the bleaching is taking place at higher temperature, it needs to be cooled down to 800C and then drained. With Koolwhite 2020 the bleaching temperature is itself at 800C. So, as compared to conventional process, we get an overall temperature difference of 500C including heating and cooling cycle. If we consider average rate of heating and cooling around 1.750C/ minute, the total time saving comes out to be 29 minutes. Just by adopting the catalyst and without changing any other parameter we can get a time saving of 30 min. minimum. A contribution of 30 min. for a 3.5 hr of cycle is 14%. This directly means that there is a scope of increasing the production by 14% if Koolwhite 2020

**Gain Type Saving Parameter Amount** 

Energy Cost 70 paisa/ kg. Weight Loss Less by 2% (3.2 Rs/Kg) Softener cost -15% (20 paisa/ Kg.)

Loom performance Improved by 4% (Direct

Time saving 30 min. (If utilised will

increase in profit by 3%)

give 10% higher profits)

justified the analogy.

on the weight of material. *Smoother surface profile* 

finish in the final bath from 15- 40%.

*Weight loss* 

*Time saving* 

process is adopted. **Summary of benefits** 

> Tangible and direct measurable gain

Intangible gain leading to benefits

the weaving performance is found to increase by 3-5 %.

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